Household transmission of COVID-19 among the earliest cases in Antananarivo, Madagascar

Autor: Fara Nirintsoa Rahaingovahoaka, Emmanuel Harizaka Andriamasy, Lova Randriamanantsoa, Matthieu Schoenhals, Perlinot Herindrainy, Mamy Jean de Dieu Randria, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Philippe Dussart, Mihaja Raberahona, Rila Ratovoson, Rindra Randremanana, Rado Razafimahatratra, Hasina Joelinotahiana Rabarison, Jean-Michel Heraud
Přispěvatelé: Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Anosiala [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Centre Hospitalier Manara-Penitra Andohatapenaka [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Hôpital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, CHU d’Antananarivo, This work was supported by the Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur and the World Health Organization [2020/1019828-0 P. O 202546047]., The authors thank the staff of the following hospitals involved in the study: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Befelatanana, Hopital Manarapenitra Andohatapenaka and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Anosiala. We are also grateful to the staff of Institut Pasteur de Madagascar who helped us during the study (data collection, biological analysis, logistical aspects), Jean Marius Rakotondramanga who advised on data analysis, and the enrolled patients with COVID-19 and their contact family members. The authors want to acknowledge Isabelle Bergeri, Soatiana Rajatonirina, Joseph Chukwudi Okeibunor, Bintou Konate, and Vincent Richard for their technical support. The Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab Elisa kit was generously provided by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Epidemiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
law.invention
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
law
COVID‐19
medicine
Madagascar
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Transmission risks and rates
Index case
Pandemics
[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases
0303 health sciences
Family Characteristics
030306 microbiology
SARS-CoV-2
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
transmission
COVID-19
[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry
Molecular Biology/Molecular biology
Original Articles
3. Good health
household
Infectious Diseases
Geography
Transmission (mechanics)
[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Original Article
Disease transmission
Serial interval
Demography
Zdroj: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Wiley Open Access, 2021, pp.Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue. ⟨10.1111/irv.12896⟩
ISSN: 1750-2659
1750-2640
Popis: International audience; BackgroundHouseholds are among the highest risk for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In sub-Saharan Africa, very few studies have described household transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work aimed to describe the epidemiologic parameters and analyze the secondary attack rate (SAR) in Antananarivo, Madagascar, following the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the country in March 2020.MethodsA prospective case-ascertained study of all identified close contacts of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections was conducted in Antananarivo from March to June 2020. Cases and household contacts were followed for 21 days. We estimated epidemic parameters of disease transmission by fitting parametric distributions based on infector-infected paired data. We assessed factors influencing transmission risk by analyzing the SAR.FindingsOverall, we included 96 index cases and 179 household contacts. Adjusted with the best-fit normal distribution, the incubation period was 4.1 days (95% CI 0.7–7.5]). The serial interval was 6.0 days (95% CI [2.4–9.6]) after adjusting with the best-fit Weibull distribution. On average, each index case infected 1.6 family members (95%CI [0.9–2.3]). The mean SAR among close contacts was 38.8% (95% CI [19.5–58.2]) with the best-fit gamma distribution. Contacts older than 35 years old were more likely to be infected, and the highest SAR was found among them.ConclusionThe results of our study provide key insights into the epidemiology of the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Madagascar. High rates of household transmission were found in Antananarivo, emphasizing the need for preventive measures to reduce community transmission.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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