The synaptic lipidome in health and disease

Autor: Vallés, Ana Sofía, Barrantes, Francisco José
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranas Vol.1864, No.11, 184033, 2022
Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
instacron:UCA
ISSN: 1879-2642
Popis: Fil: Vallés, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina Fil: Barrantes, Francisco José. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular; Argentina Abstract: Adequate homeostasis of lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism is essential for cells to perform highly specific tasks in our organism, and the brain, with its uniquely high energetic requirements, posesses singular characteristics. Some of these are related to its extraordinary dotation of synapses, the specialized subcelluar structures where signal transmission between neurons occurs in the central nervous system. The post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses, the dendritic spine, harbors key molecules involved in neurotransmission tightly packed within a minute volume of a few femtoliters. The spine is further compartmentalized into nanodomains that facilitate the execution of temporo-spatially separate functions in the synapse. Lipids play important roles in this structural and functional compartmentalization and in mechanisms that impact on synaptic transmission. This review analyzes the structural and dynamic processes involving lipids at the synapse, highlighting the importance of their homeostatic balance for the physiology of this complex and highly specialized structure, and underscoring the pathologies associated with disbalances of lipid metabolism, particularly in the perinatal and late adulthood periods of life. Although small variations of the lipid profile in the brain take place throughout the adult lifespan, the pathophysiological consequences are clinically manifested mostly during late adulthood. Disturbances in lipid homeostasis in the perinatal period leads to alterations during nervous system development, while in late adulthood they favor the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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