A myeloid leukemia factor homolog involved in encystation-induced protein metabolism in Giardia lamblia
| Autor: | Yu-Jiao Pan, Yu-Chen Liu, Pei-Wei Chiu, Chun-Che Ho, Soo-Wah Gan, Chin-Hung Sun, Szu-Yu Tung, Chao-Cheng Cho, Jo-Yu Liao, Bo-Chi Lin, Li-Hsin Su, Yu-Yun Kao, Jui-Hsuan Wu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Parasite Encystment Cellular differentiation Protozoan Proteins Biophysics Cell Cycle Proteins Protein degradation medicine.disease_cause Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Giardia lamblia Molecular Biology biology Cysts Chemistry Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Autophagy Myeloid leukemia Microvesicles Cell biology Cytosol 030104 developmental biology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis biology.protein ISCU |
| Zdroj: | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1865:129859 |
| ISSN: | 0304-4165 |
| Popis: | Background Giardia lamblia differentiates into resistant cysts as an established model for dormancy. Myeloid leukemia factor (MLF) proteins are important regulators of cell differentiation. Giardia possesses a MLF homolog which was up-regulated during encystation and localized to unknown cytosolic vesicles named MLF vesicles (MLFVs). Methods We used double staining for visualization of potential factors with role in protein metabolism pathway and a strategy that employed a deletion mutant, CDK2m3, to test the protein degradation pathway. We also explored whether autophagy or proteasomal degradation are regulators of Giardia encystation by treatment with MG132, rapamycin, or chloroquine. Results Double staining of MLF and ISCU or CWP1 revealed no overlap between their vesicles. The aberrant CDK2m3 colocalized with MLFVs and formed complexes with MLF. MG132 increased the number of CDK2m3-localized vesicles and its protein level. We further found that MLF colocalized and interacted with a FYVE protein and an ATG8-like (ATG8L) protein, which were up-regulated during encystation and their expression induced Giardia encystation. The addition of MG132, rapamycin, or chloroquine, increased their levels and the number of their vesicles, and inhibited the cyst formation. MLF and FYVE were detected in exosomes released from culture. Conclusions The MLFVs are not mitosomes or encystation-specific vesicles, but are related with degradative pathway for CDK2m3. MLF, FYVE, and ATG8L play a positive role in encystation and function in protein clearance pathway, which is important for encystation and coordinated with Exosomes. General significance MLF, FYVE, and ATG8L may be involved an encystation-induced protein metabolism during Giardia differentiation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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