Magnetic resonance imaging features of the superior cervical ganglion and expected changes after radiation therapy to the head and neck in a long-term follow-up
| Autor: | Irene Buffa, Michela Leali, Marco Ravanelli, Siu Cheng Loke, Kabilan Chokkapan, Davide Farina, Amit Karandikar, Tiong Yong Tan, Elena Tononcelli, Julian Park Nam Goh, Glen Ong Chern Yue |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Superior cervical ganglion medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment Superior Cervical Ganglion 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine.artery medicine Effective diffusion coefficient Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Neuroradiology Aged Retrospective Studies medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Repeated measures design Magnetic resonance imaging Middle Aged Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiation therapy medicine.anatomical_structure Head and Neck Neoplasms Cervical ganglia Female Neurology (clinical) Radiology Internal carotid artery Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | Neuroradiology. 62(4) |
| ISSN: | 1432-1920 |
| Popis: | This study aimed to assess the magnetic resonance (MRI) features of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and to track changes to it induced using radiotherapy across a long-term follow-up. In total, 75 patients who underwent radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies and who were studied with MRI were recruited from two centers. MRI was performed before and after radiotherapy, with a median long-term follow-up of 4.5 years. Baseline SCG features were assessed. Changes in axial cross-sectional area, T2-normalized signal, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (the latter available in about half of the patients) were analyzed. Repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s correction was used to analyze changes in the aforementioned parameters (significance level 0.05). Out of a potential 149 SCGs, 136 were visible at baseline MRI. A variable spatial relationship with the internal carotid artery was found. SCGs showed the “black dot” sign in almost all of the patients. ADC was higher in SCGs than in regional lymph nodes. Cross-sectional area, normalized T2, and ADC increased in the period up to 1 year after radiotherapy and then remained stable in subsequent longer-term follow-up. The SCG has unusual features that allow differentiation from the regional lymph nodes. Changes in morphology and signal after radiotherapy must be taken into account by radiologists to avoid misdiagnosis as recurrent nodal disease. Changes induced using radiotherapy are stable in long-term follow-up and are thus likely attributed to other factors (such as Schwann cell hypertrophy/proliferation) rather than edema. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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