Bee abundance and soil nitrogen availability interactively modulate apple quality and quantity in intensive agricultural landscapes of China
| Autor: | Zhenrong Yu, Teja Tscharntke, Aruhan Olhnuud, Panlong Wu, Wopke van der Werf, Meina Wang, Catrin Westphal, Huanli Xu, Yunhui Liu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pollinator
0106 biological sciences Pollination Ecological intensification Biology engineering.material complex mixtures 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Open pollination Abundance (ecology) 2. Zero hunger Ecology fungi Landscape composition food and beverages 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 15. Life on land PE&RC Agronomy Robinia forests 040103 agronomy & agriculture engineering 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Animal Science and Zoology Species richness Fertilizer Soil fertility Crop and Weed Ecology Agronomy and Crop Science Hand-pollination |
| Zdroj: | Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 305 (2021) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 305 |
| ISSN: | 0167-8809 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107168 |
| Popis: | Bees provide important pollination services for crops, but pollination limitation is a common problem in agricultural landscapes worldwide. To promote ecological intensification in fruit production, more knowledge is needed concerning the interacting effects of insect pollination services and soil fertility on crop quality and quantity. We investigated the effects of three pollination treatments (open, self and hand pollination) on apple quantity and quality parameters. We also analyzed the effects of bee abundance (wild bees and managed honeybees (Apis mellifera)) and soil nitrogen on fruit quantity and quality, and the responses of bee abundance and species richness to landscape metrics. Apple fruit set and yield of open pollinated flowers increased by 57 % and 25 t/ha (compared to bagged controls), respectively. Hand pollination further enhanced yields by 7 t/ha (compared to open pollination; i.e. to 39 t/ha), indicating pollination limitation in the orchards. Seed number was highest in open pollinated fruits, and increased with bee abundance if soil nitrogen was low, but decreased with bee abundance at high nitrogen levels, possibly due to higher flower density resulting in pollinator dilution effects. Higher seed numbers reduced the proportion of deformed apples and thus increased fruit quality. The percent of surrounding semi-natural habitats positively affected species richness of wild bees in apple orchards. We conclude that yield and quality of apples may benefit from ecological intensification comprising the augmentation of wild bees by semi-natural habitat and lowering of fertilizer inputs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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