Bone fractures after menopause
| Autor: | D. H. Barlow, P. Bouchard, M. L. Brandi, J. L. Evers, A. Glasier, E. Negri, S. E. Papapoulos, S. H. Ralston, R. Rizzoli, D. T. Baird, J. Collins, G. Benagiano, P.G. Crosignani, C. La Vecchia, A. Volpe, P. G. Crosignani |
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| Přispěvatelé: | D. H. Barlow, P. Bouchard, M. L. Brandi, J. L. Ever, A. Glasier, E. Negri, S. E. Papapoulo, S. H. Ralston, R. Rizzoli, D. T. Baird, J. Collin, G. Benagiano, P.G. Crosignani, C. La Vecchia, A. Volpe, P. G. Crosignani, Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, Promovendi ODB, RS: GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Barlow DH, Bouchard P, Brandi ML, Evers JLH, Glasier A, Negri E, Papapoulos SE, Ralston SH, Rizzoli R, Baird DT, Collins J, Benagiano G, Crosignani PG, La Vecchia C, Volpe A |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty Osteoporosis Fractures Bone 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cost of Illness Bone Density Risk Factors falls Prevalence medicine Bone mineral density Fall Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Bone Resorption Osteoporosis Postmenopausal 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences business.industry Age Factors bone fractures Obstetrics and Gynecology medicine.disease 3. Good health Postmenopause Menopause Ageing Bone fracture Reproductive Medicine Female business |
| Zdroj: | Barlow, D H, Bouchard, P, Brandi, M L, Evers, J L H, Glasier, A, Negri, E, Papapoulos, S E, Ralston, S H, Rizzoli, R, Baird, D T, Collins, J, Benagiano, G, Crosignani, P G, La Vecchia, C, Volpe, A 2010, ' Bone fractures after menopause ', Human Reproduction Update, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 761-773 . https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmq008 Human Reproduction Update, 16(6), 761-773. Oxford University Press Human Reproduction Update |
| ISSN: | 1355-4786 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/humupd/dmq008 |
| Popis: | Background: Every year 30% of individuals above age 65 fall, and falls are the principal cause of bone fractures. To reduce fracture incidence requires both prevention of falls and maintenance of bone strength. Methods: PubMed searches were performed, for studies of the epidemiology of fractures, bone physiology, endocrine effects, osteoporosis measurement, genetics, prevention and effectiveness. Topic summaries were presented to the Workshop Group and omissions or disagreements were resolved by discussion. Results: Ageing reduces bone strength in post-menopausal women because estrogen deficiency causes accelerated bone resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) decreased more than 2.5 standard deviation below the mean of healthy young adults defines osteoporosis, a condition associated with an increased risk of fractures. Risk factors such as age and previous fracture are combined with BMD for a more accurate prediction of fracture risk. The most widely used assessment tool is FRAX™ which combines clinical risk factors and femoral neck BMD. General preventive measures include physical exercise to reduce the risk of falling and vitamin D to facilitate calcium absorption. Pharmacological interventions consist mainly in the administration of inhibitors of bone resorption. Randomized controlled trials show treatment improves BMD, and may reduce the relative fracture risk by about 50% for vertebral, 20-25% for non-vertebral and up to 40% for hip fractures although the absolute risk reductions are much lower. Conclusions: Although diagnosis of osteoporosis is an important step, the threshold for treatment to prevent fractures depends on additional clinical risk factors. None of the presently available treatment options provide complete fracture prevention. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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