Effet de Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Aspergillus oryzae sur la digestion des parois végétales d'une fraction mixte dans le rumen de moutons défaunés et refaunés

Autor: G. Bertin, Mariette Mercier, J. Senaud, Jacques Bohatier, Jean-Pierre Jouany, Frédérique Mathieu
Přispěvatelé: Revues Inra, Import, ProdInra, Migration, Station de recherches sur la nutrition des herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Jazyk: francouzština
Rok vydání: 1998
Předmět:
Dietary Fiber
Male
animal structures
Rumen
040301 veterinary sciences
Animal feed
Aspergillus oryzae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Poaceae
law.invention
Microbiology
0403 veterinary science
Cell wall
Probiotic
Animal science
law
Cell Wall
Polysaccharides
[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Animals
[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies
Cellulose
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
[SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology
2. Zero hunger
Sheep
biology
Bacteria
Probiotics
0402 animal and dairy science
food and beverages
Eukaryota
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Fungi imperfecti
Carbohydrate
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
biology.organism_classification
040201 dairy & animal science
Animal Feed
[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies
Digestion
Zdroj: Reproduction Nutrition Development
Reproduction Nutrition Development, EDP Sciences, 1998, 38 (4), pp.401-416
ISSN: 0926-5287
1297-9708
Popis: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Aspergillus oryzae (AO), without their culture medium, on the digestion of plant cell wall components in sheep that had been successively defaunated and refaunated. Six sheep fitted with large rumen cannulae were used to study 1) defaunated sheep with no probiotic, 2) defaunated sheep with SC or AO, 3) refaunated sheep with no probiotic, 4) refaunated sheep with SC or AO. The apparent digestibility of the plant cell walls was not altered (P0.05) by the probiotics in defaunated sheep but was increased (P0.05) with SC (+16%) in refaunated sheep. Simultaneously, SC stimulated the growth of the protozoal population in the rumen. As noted in most previous experiments, the positive effect of the presence of protozoa on plant cell wall digestion (P0.001) was confirmed here. The effect (P0.05) of SC or AO on in situ ADF digestion was either not significant or negative in defaunated rumens, whereas it became positive in refaunated rumen after a residence time of 12 h. The improvement of in situ ADF digestion due to the presence of protozoa was significant (P0.05 for NDF; P0.001 for ADF). However, we could not determine whether this was a direct effect of protozoa or an indirect effect operating via bacteria. The limits of the nylon bag technique for evaluating the microbial activity are discussed in relation to the ability of protozoa to enter and grow in the bags, and the pH regulation inside the bags. The pH values below 5.5 noted inside the bags can significantly alter the bacterial and protozoal populations and limit the validity of the technique. SC increased (P0.05) the specific activity of CMCase and xylanase of the solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from the rumen digesta of refaunated sheep. Stimulation of both the bacterial activity and protozoa numbers could explain the positive effect of SC on cell wall digestion in the rumen since the modelling of marker excretion in faeces showed that the ruminal mean retention time of hay measured from the model of Danhoa et al. was not modified (P0.05) by either refaunation or the presence of probiotics. AO increased (P0.05) the total retention time of the solid particles in the whole digestive tract and increased the ruminal liquid volume in the refaunated animals but it had no effect on the protozoa population or on the polysaccharidase activity of the SAB, which could explain the absence of effect of AO on the total digestibility of plant cell walls. Both probiotics decreased the liquid turnover in defaunated rumens (P0.05) but neither had any effect (P0.05) on this parameter after refaunation. The improvement of plant cell wall degradation in the whole digestive tract is probably due to a stimulation of digestion at the rumen level as indicated by the higher activity of the SAB in rumen digesta and the growth of protozoa.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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