Biological sex classification with structural MRI data shows increased misclassification in transgender women
Autor: | Katharina Dohm, Nils Opel, Carsten Konrad, Bernhard T. Baune, Claas Flint, Ronny Redlich, Xiaoyi Jiang, Axel Krug, Volker Arolt, Tim Hahn, Klaus Berger, Sophie A. Koser, Dominik Grotegerd, Tilo Kircher, Igor Nenadic, Katharina Förster, Pienie Zwitserlood, Marco Hermesdorf, Udo Dannlowski |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
FOS: Computer and information sciences
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Multivariate statistics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition computer.software_genre Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Voxel Internal medicine Transgender medicine 10. No inequality Pharmacology Univariate analysis business.industry Univariate 030227 psychiatry Psychiatry and Mental health FOS: Biological sciences Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition Brain size Sexual orientation Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC) business Insula computer 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Neuropsychopharmacology |
ISSN: | 1740-634X 0893-133X |
Popis: | Transgender individuals (TIs) show brain structural alterations that differ from their biological sex as well as their perceived gender. To substantiate evidence that the brain structure of TIs differs from male and female, we use a combined multivariate and univariate approach. Gray matter segments resulting from voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of $N = 1753$ cisgender (CG) healthy participants were used to train ($N=1402$) and validate (20 % hold-out; $N = 351$) a support-vector machine classifying the biological sex. As a second validation, we classified $N = 1104$ patients with depression. A third validation was performed using the matched CG sample of the transgender women (TWs) application-sample. Subsequently, the classifier was applied to $N = 26$ TWs. Finally, we compared brain volumes of CG-men, women and TW-pre/post treatment (cross-sex hormone treatment) in a univariate analysis controlling for sexual orientation, age and total brain volume. The application of our biological sex classifier to the transgender sample resulted in a significantly lower true positive rate (TPR) (TPR-male = 56.0 %). The TPR did not differ between CG-individuals with (TPR-male = 86.9 %) and without depression (TPR-male = 88.5 %). The univariate analysis of the transgender application-sample revealed that TW-pre/post treatment show brain structural differences from CG-women and CG-men in the putamen and insula, as well as the whole-brain analysis. Our results support the hypothesis that brain structure in TW differs from brain structure of their biological sex (male) as well as their perceived gender (female). This finding substantiates evidence that TIs show specific brain structural alterations leading to a different pattern of brain structure than CG-individuals. Content adapted to the publication at Neuropsychopharmacology |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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