Local modulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways recapitulates rib defects analogous to cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome
| Autor: | Nobue Itasaki, Benedict Turner |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
musculoskeletal diseases
Histology Micrognathism Ribs Chick Embryo SOX9 Biology hypaxial Bone morphogenetic protein snRNP Core Proteins Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) Wnt Intellectual Disability Somitogenesis chondrogenesis medicine Animals BMP epaxial Wnt Signaling Pathway Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Rib cage rib gap Wnt signaling pathway SOX9 Transcription Factor Original Articles somite patterning Cell Biology musculoskeletal system Chondrogenesis Cell biology Somite medicine.anatomical_structure Catenin Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Mutation embryonic structures Anatomy rib defects Signal Transduction Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Turner, B R H & Itasaki, N 2020, ' Local modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways recapitulates rib defects analogous to cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome ', Journal of Anatomy, vol. 236, no. 5, pp. 931-945 . https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13144 J Anat |
| ISSN: | 1469-7580 0021-8782 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/joa.13144 |
| Popis: | Ribs are seldom affected by developmental disorders, however, multiple defects in rib structure are observed in the spliceosomal disease cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCMS). These defects include rib gaps, found in the posterior part of the costal shaft in multiple ribs, as well as missing ribs, shortened ribs and abnormal costotransverse articulations, which result in inadequate ventilation at birth and high perinatal mortality. The genetic mechanism of CCMS is a loss‐of‐function mutation in SNRPB, a component of the major spliceosome, and knockdown of this gene in vitro affects the activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether altering these pathways in vivo can recapitulate rib gaps and other rib abnormalities in the model animal. Chick embryos were implanted with beads soaked in Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP pathway modulators during somitogenesis, and incubated until the ribs were formed. Some embryos were harvested in the preceding days for analysis of the chondrogenic marker Sox9, to determine whether pathway modulation affected somite patterning or chondrogenesis. Wnt/β‐catenin inhibition manifested characteristic rib phenotypes seen in CCMS, including rib gaps (P < 0.05) and missing ribs (P < 0.05). BMP pathway activation did not cause rib gaps but yielded missing rib (P < 0.01) and shortened rib phenotypes (P < 0.05). A strong association with vertebral phenotypes was also noted with BMP4 (P < 0.001), including scoliosis (P < 0.05), a feature associated with CCMS. Reduced expression of Sox9 was detected with Wnt/β‐catenin inhibition, indicating that inhibition of chondrogenesis precipitated the rib defects in the presence of Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitors. BMP pathway activators also reduced Sox9 expression, indicating an interruption of somite patterning in the manifestation of rib defects with BMP4. The present study demonstrates that local inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin and activation of the BMP pathway can recapitulate rib defects, such as those observed in CCMS. The balance of Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP in the somite is vital for correct rib morphogenesis, and alteration of the activity of these two pathways in CCMS may perturb this balance during somite patterning, leading to the observed rib defects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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