Submicroscopic malaria infection during pregnancy and the impact of intermittent preventive treatment

Autor: Atis Muehlenbachs, Sudhaunshu Joshi, Rabia A G Mukadam, Miriam K. Laufer, Karl B. Seydel, Terrie E. Taylor, Kingsley Makwakwa, Sarah Boudova, Linda Kalilani-Phiri, Phillip C. Thesing, Patricia Mawindo, Steve Kamiza, Lauren M. Cohee
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Malawi
Plasmodium
Erythrocytes
Malaria in pregnancy
Placenta
medicine.medical_treatment
Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive treatment
Drug Resistance
Parasitemia
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Placental malaria
Pregnancy
Prevalence
Artemether
Pregnancy Complications
Infectious
False Negative Reactions
Quinine
Obstetrics
Pregnancy Outcome
Artemisinins
Drug Combinations
Fetal Diseases
Pyrimethamine
Infectious Diseases
Ethanolamines
Female
Pregnancy Trimesters
Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance
medicine.drug
Adult
Hemeproteins
medicine.medical_specialty
Sulfadoxine
Drug Administration Schedule
Antimalarials
parasitic diseases
medicine
Humans
Fluorenes
business.industry
Research
Artemether
Lumefantrine Drug Combination
Infant
Newborn
DNA
Protozoan
medicine.disease
Infectious Disease Transmission
Vertical
Malaria
Asymptomatic Diseases
Parasitology
Submicroscopic infection
business
Follow-Up Studies
Zdroj: Malaria Journal
ISSN: 1475-2875
Popis: Background Malaria during pregnancy results in adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is the primary intervention aimed at reducing malaria infection during pregnancy. Although submicroscopic infection is common during pregnancy and at delivery, its impact throughout pregnancy on the development of placental malaria and adverse pregnancy outcomes has not been clearly established. Methods Quantitative PCR was used to detect submicroscopic infections in pregnant women enrolled in an observational study in Blantyre, Malawi to determine their effect on maternal, foetal and placental outcomes. The ability of SP to treat and prevent submicroscopic infections was also assessed. Results 2,681 samples from 448 women were analysed and 95 submicroscopic infections were detected in 68 women, a rate of 0.6 episodes per person-year of follow-up. Submicroscopic infections were most often detected at enrolment. The majority of women with submicroscopic infections did not have a microscopically detectable infection detected during pregnancy. Submicroscopic infection was associated with placental malaria even after controlling for microscopically detectable infection and was associated with decreased maternal haemoglobin at the time of detection. However, submicroscopic infection was not associated with adverse maternal or foetal outcomes at delivery. One-third of women with evidence of placental malaria did not have documented peripheral infection during pregnancy. SP was moderately effective in treating submicroscopic infections, but did not prevent the development of new submicroscopic infections in the month after administration. Conclusions Submicroscopic malaria infection is common and occurs early in pregnancy. SP-IPT can clear some submicroscopic infections but does not prevent new infections after administration. To effectively control pregnancy-associated malaria, new interventions are required to target women prior to their first antenatal care visit and to effectively treat and prevent all malaria infections.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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