Gold-Nanoparticle-Mediated Depolarization of Membrane Potential Is Dependent on Concentration and Tethering Distance from the Plasma Membrane
| Autor: | Megan E. Muroski, Igor L. Medintz, Eunkeu Oh, Okhil K. Nag, Alan L. Huston, James B. Delehanty, Alexander L. Efros |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Biomedical Engineering
Metal Nanoparticles Pharmaceutical Science Nanoparticle Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology PC12 Cells 01 natural sciences Membrane Potentials Polyethylene Glycols chemistry.chemical_compound PEG ratio Animals Pharmacology Membrane potential Dose-Response Relationship Drug 010405 organic chemistry Cell Membrane Organic Chemistry Depolarization Photothermal therapy 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Rats 0104 chemical sciences Cholesterol Membrane chemistry Colloidal gold Biophysics Gold 0210 nano-technology Ethylene glycol Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Bioconjugate Chemistry. 31:567-576 |
| ISSN: | 1520-4812 1043-1802 |
| Popis: | The photoactivation of plasma-membrane-tethered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the photothermally driven depolarization of membrane potential has recently emerged as a new platform for the controlled actuation of electrically active cells. In this report, we characterize the relationship between AuNP concentration and AuNP-membrane separation distance with the efficiency of photoactivated plasma membrane depolarization. We show in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells that AuNPs capped with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-cholesterol ligands localize to the plasma membrane and remain resident for up to 1 h. The efficiency of AuNP-mediated depolarization is directly dependent on the concentration of the NPs on the cell surface. We further show that the efficiency of AuNP-mediated photothermal depolarization of membrane potential is directly dependent on the tethering distance between the AuNP and the plasma membrane, which we control by iteratively tuning the length of the PEG linker. Importantly, the AuNP conjugates do not adversely affect cell viability under the photoactivation conditions required for membrane depolarization. Our results demonstrate the fine control that can be elicited over AuNP bioconjugates and establishes principles for the rational design of functional nanomaterials for the control of electrically excitable cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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