Immobilization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles onto Surfaces Using Different Strategies: Evaluating the Influence of the Functionalized Interface on the Performance of a Thermal Assay for the Detection of the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I
| Autor: | Marloes Peeters, Katarina Novakovic, Craig E. Banks, Azfar Zaman, Robert D. Crapnell, Patricia Losada-Pérez, Francesco Canfarotta, Jake McClements, Ana Luiza Vilela Strapazon, Joanna Czulak, Ioakim Spyridopoulos, Alan Thomson, Rhiannon E Johnson, Patrick Marcel Seumo Tchekwagep |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Scanning electron microscope Interface (computing) Troponin I 010401 analytical chemistry Temperature Molecularly imprinted polymer Nanoparticle Nanotechnology Electrochemical Techniques 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Dip-coating 0104 chemical sciences Dielectric spectroscopy Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Nanoparticles Graphite General Materials Science 0210 nano-technology Electrodes Biosensor Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 13:27868-27879 |
| ISSN: | 1944-8252 1944-8244 |
| Popis: | We demonstrate that a novel functionalized interface, where molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are attached to screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPEs), can be utilized for the thermal detection of the cardiac biomarker troponin I (cTnI). The ultrasensitive detection of the unique protein cTnI can be utilized for the early diagnosis of myocardial infraction (i.e., heart attacks), resulting in considerably lower patient mortality and morbidity. Our developed platform presents an innovative route to develop accurate, low-cost, and disposable sensors for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, specifically myocardial infraction. A reproducible and advantageous solid-phase approach was utilized to synthesize high-affinity nanoMIPs (average size = 71 nm) for cTnI, which served as synthetic receptors in a thermal sensing platform. To assess the performance and commercial potential of the sensor platform, various approaches were used to immobilize nanoMIPs onto thermocouples or SPEs: dip coating, drop casting, and a covalent approach relying on electrografting with an organic coupling reaction. Characterization of the nanoMIP-functionalized surfaces was performed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Measurements from an in-house designed thermal setup revealed that covalent functionalization of nanoMIPs onto SPEs led to the most reproducible sensing capabilities. The proof of application was provided by measuring buffered solutions spiked with cTnI, which demonstrated that through monitoring changes in heat transfer at the solid-liquid interface, we can measure concentrations as low as 10 pg L-1, resulting in the most sensitive test of this type. Furthermore, preliminary data are presented for a prototype platform, which can detect cTnI with shorter measurement times and smaller sample volumes. The excellent sensor performance, versatility of the nanoMIPs, and reproducible and low-cost nature of the SPEs demonstrate that this sensor platform technology has a clear commercial route with high potential to contribute to sustainable healthcare. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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