Reply to Comments by Yih et al. (Exposure to Hantavirus is a Risk Factor Associated with Kidney Diseases in Sri Lanka: A Cross-Sectional Study)
Autor: | Chandika D. Gamage, Devinda S. Muthusinghe, Yoshimi Tsuda, Kenta Shimizu, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Nishantha Nanayakkara, Sithumini M. W. Lokupathirage, Lishanthe Gunarathne, Yomani D. Sarathkumara, Jiro Arikawa |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Reply Adult Male Orthohantavirus Endemic Diseases Cross-sectional study Hantavirus Infections 030106 microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Risk Factors Virology Environmental health Medicine Humans Serologic Tests Risk factor Renal Insufficiency Chronic Fluorescent Antibody Technique Indirect Hantavirus Sri Lanka Farmers Geography business.industry Viral Core Proteins 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Cross-Sectional Studies Case-Control Studies Capsid Proteins Female Sri lanka business |
Zdroj: | Viruses |
ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
Popis: | Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) imposes a substantial burden on public health in Sri Lankan agricultural communities. High seroprevalences of hantavirus have been reported in CKDu patients in several locations of Sri Lanka. We carried out a cross-sectional study followed by an unmatched case-control comparison in two geographically distinct areas of Sri Lanka, Girandurukotte (CKDu endemic) and Kandy (CKDu non-endemic) to determine whether exposure to hantaviruses is a potential risk factor in patients with kidney disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay using two antigens, Thailand orthohantavirus-infected and recombinant N protein-expressing Vero E6 cells, were used for serodiagnosis. Participants' demographic and other socio-economic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Fifty kidney disease patients and 270 controls from Kandy and 104 kidney disease patients and 242 controls from Girandurukotte were examined. Seropositivities were 50% and 17.4% in kidney patients and controls, respectively, in Girandurukotte, and they were 18% and 7% in Kandy. The odds of exposure to hantaviruses were higher for kidney disease patients than for controls in both Girandurukotte (OR:3.66, 95% CI:2.01 to 6.64) and Kandy (OR:2.64, 95% CI:1.07 to 6.54) in binary logistic regression models. According to statistical analysis, individuals exposed to hantaviruses had a higher risk of developing renal impairment. Therefore, hantavirus infection might be an important risk factor for development of kidney disease in Sri Lanka. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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