The reversal of human phylogeny: Homo left Africa as erectus, came back as sapiens sapiens

Autor: Ulfur Arnason, Björn M. Hallström
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Hereditas, Vol 157, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020)
Hereditas
ISSN: 1601-5223
Popis: BackgroundThe molecular out of Africa hypothesis, OOAH, has been considered as an established fact amid population geneticists for some 25–30 years despite the early concern with it among phylogeneticists with experience beyond that ofHomo. The palaeontological support for the hypothesis is also questionable, a circumstance that in the light of expanding Eurasian palaeontological knowledge has become accentuated through the last decades.ResultsThe direction of evolution in the phylogenetic tree of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens,Hss) was established inter alia by applying progressive phylogenetic analysis to an mtDNA sampling that included a Eurasian, Lund, and the African Mbuti, San and Yoruba. The examination identified the African populations as paraphyletic, thereby compromising the OOAH. The finding, which was consistent with the out of Eurasia hypothesis, OOEH, was corroborated by the mtDNA introgression fromHssintoHsnn(Neanderthals) that demonstrated the temporal and physical Eurasian coexistence of the two lineages. The results are consistent with the palaeontologically established presence ofH. erectusin Eurasia, a Eurasian divergence betweenH. sapiensandH. antecessor≈ 850,000 YBP, anHsdivergence betweenHssandHsn(Neanderthals + Denisovans) ≈ 800,000 YBP, an mtDNA introgression fromHssintoHsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP and an Eurasian divergence among the ancestors of extantHss≈ 250,000 YBP at the exodus of Mbuti/San into Africa.ConclusionsThe present study showed that Eurasia was not the receiver but the donor inHssevolution. The findings thatHomoleft Africa aserectusand returned assapiens sapiensconstitute a change in the understanding ofHsevolution to one that conforms to the extensive Eurasian record ofHspalaeontology and archaeology.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje