Laboratory evaluation of chemical dispersants for use on oil spills at sea
| Autor: | S.L. Kiesser, Dennis L. McQuerry, Jack W. Anderson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
biology Mysidopsis Environmental engineering General Chemistry Pulp and paper industry biology.organism_classification Dispersant Shrimp chemistry.chemical_compound Hydrocarbon chemistry Toxicity Environmental Chemistry Petroleum Environmental science Seawater Water pollution |
| Zdroj: | Environmental sciencetechnology. 19(5) |
| ISSN: | 0013-936X |
| Popis: | Data on toxicity and effectiveness of 14 chemical dispersants were combined in a straightforward equation to provide an overall assessment of the relative merits of the oil spill chemicals. When a decision is made by regional response authorities to mitigate the damage of spilled oil to the shoreline, these findings should aid in the selection of an effective low toxicity product. Products were evaluated by using standard toxicity tests with a mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) and a standard effectiveness test using the Mackay-Nadeau-Steelman (MNS) apparatus. Ratios of dispersant to oil required to maintain 90% dispersions of oil in seawater (15/sup 0/C and 30%) with a standard mixing energy (1.0 in. of water pressure) of air flow were derived for each chemical by using Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Toxicity tests with M. bahia were conducted at 25/sup 0/C and 2.5% by using freshly hatched juveniles (15 per concentration times 5 concentrations) in small dishes in an incubator. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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