Monitoring of Energy Data with Seamless Temporal Accuracy Based on the Time-Sensitive Networking Standard and Enhanced µPMUs
| Autor: | Rafael Real-Calvo, Miguel J. Gonzalez-Redondo, I. Santiago, Silvia del Rio Jiménez, Victor Pallares-Lopez, Isabel M. Moreno-Garcia |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Ethernet
μPMU Technology Microgrid QH301-705.5 Computer science QC1-999 Distributed synchronism Real-time computing µPMU gPTP Digital twins synthetic models digital twins Units of measurement General Materials Science Biology (General) QD1-999 Instrumentation Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes TSN Physics Process Chemistry and Technology System of measurement General Engineering Phasor Synthetic models Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Computer Science Applications Phasor models and EMT models Chemistry microgrid distributed synchronism Network Time Protocol phasor models and EMT models TA1-2040 Synchronism Precision Time Protocol |
| Zdroj: | Applied Sciences Volume 11 Issue 19 Applied Sciences 11(19), 9126 (2021) Helvia. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Córdoba instname Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 9126, p 9126 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2076-3417 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/app11199126 |
| Popis: | In the energy sector, distributed synchronism and a high degree of stability are necessary for all real-time monitoring and control systems. Instantaneous response to critical situations is essential for the integration of renewable energies. The most widely used standards for clock synchronisation, such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP), do not allow for achieving synchronised simultaneous sampling in distributed systems. In this work, a novel distributed synchronism system based on the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard has been validated for its integration in an architecture oriented towards the high-resolution digitisation of photovoltaic (PV) generation systems. This method guarantees a time stamping with an optimal resolution that allows for the analysis of the influence of fast-evolving atmospheric fluctuations in several plants located in the same geographical area. This paper proposes an enhanced micro-phasor measurement unit (µPMU) that acts as a phasor meter and TSN master controlling the monitoring system synchronism. With this technique, the synchronism would be extended to the remaining measurement systems that would be involved in the installation at distances greater than 100 m. Several analyses were carried out with an on-line topology of four acquisition systems capturing simultaneously. The influence of the Ethernet network and the transducers involved in the acquisition process were studied. Tests were performed with Ethernet cable lengths of 2, 10, 50, and 75 m. The results were validated with 24-bit Sigma-Delta converters and high-precision resistor networks specialised in high-voltage monitoring. It was observed that with an appropriate choice of sensors and TSN synchronism, phase errors of less than ±1 µs can be guaranteed by performing distributed captures up to 50 kS/s. Statistical analysis showed that uncertainties of less than ±100 ns were achieved with 16-bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) converters at a moderate cost. Finally, the requirements of the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 standard for phasor measurement units (PMU) were also satisfied. This standard establishes an uncertainty of ±3.1 μs for 50 Hz systems. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a simultaneous sampling system for distributed acquisition systems coordinated by a µPMU. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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