Neural Abnormalities in Fear Generalization in Schizophrenia and Associations With Negative Symptoms
| Autor: | Emily A. Boeke, Oliver Freudenreich, Roger B. H. Tootell, Ann K. Shinn, Stephanie N. DeCross, Daphne J. Holt, Lauri Tuominen, Clifford M. Cassidy |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Stimulus generalization Cognitive Neuroscience Conditioning Classical Audiology Generalization Psychological 050105 experimental psychology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Generalization (learning) medicine Explicit memory Animals Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Fear conditioning Biological Psychiatry Default mode network medicine.diagnostic_test 05 social sciences Fear medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associative learning Schizophrenia Neurology (clinical) Psychology Functional magnetic resonance imaging 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 6:1165-1175 |
| ISSN: | 2451-9022 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.006 |
| Popis: | Background Associative learning and memory processes, including the generalization of previously learned associations, may be altered in schizophrenia. Deficits in schizophrenia in stimulus generalization, one of the simplest forms of memory, could interfere with the ability to efficiently categorize related, similar information, potentially leading to impairments in daily functioning. Methods To measure generalization in schizophrenia, 37 individuals with a nonaffective psychotic disorder and 32 demographically matched healthy control subjects underwent a Pavlovian fear conditioning and generalization procedure, which accounted for variation in perceptual ability across participants, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance and neural responses to conditioned (CS+), neutral (CS−), and generalization stimuli were measured. Explicit memory ratings reflecting successful generalization were also collected after the scanning, as well as measures of symptom severity. Results Compared with healthy control subjects, individuals with nonaffective psychotic disorders showed significant deficits in fear generalization across multiple measurements, with impairments in memory ratings and reductions in activation and deactivation of the salience and default networks, respectively, during fear generalization. Moreover, in the psychotic disorder group, greater behavioral and neural abnormalities in generalization were associated with higher levels of negative symptoms. Conclusions Fear generalization is impaired in psychotic illness. Given that successful generalization relies on a dynamic balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, these results reveal a potentially quantifiable mechanism linked to negative symptoms that can be investigated further in future human and experimental animal studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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