HIV detection by an emergency department HIV screening program during a regional outbreak among people who inject drugs

Autor: Sheryl B. Lyss, Rachel M. Ancona, Todd Rademaker, Zachary Reau, Michael S. Lyons, Kiran A. Faryar, Ryane K. Sickles, Robert S. Braun
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
RNA viruses
Male
Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
Epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV Infections
medicine.disease_cause
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Disease Outbreaks
Drug Users
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Mass Screening
Substance Abuse
Intravenous
Virus Testing
Analgesics
Multidisciplinary
virus diseases
Drugs
HIV screening
HIV diagnosis and management
Medical Microbiology
HIV epidemiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Medicine
Female
Pathogens
Emergency Service
Hospital
Case identification
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Science
Microbiology
Injection drug use
Retroviruses
medicine
Pain Management
Humans
Microbial Pathogens
Ohio
Retrospective Studies
Medicine and health sciences
Pharmacology
Drug Screening
business.industry
Lentivirus
Organisms
Outbreak
Biology and Life Sciences
HIV
Retrospective cohort study
Emergency department
Diagnostic medicine
Opioids
Family medicine
business
Clinical record
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251756 (2021)
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Objective Multiple HIV outbreaks among persons who inject drugs (PWID) have occurred in the US since 2015. Emergency departments (EDs), recognized as essential venues for HIV screening, may play a unique role in identifying undiagnosed HIV among PWID, who frequently present for complications of injection drug use (IDU). Our objective was to describe changes in HIV diagnoses among PWID detected by an ED HIV screening program and estimate the program’s contribution to HIV diagnoses among PWID county-wide during the emergence of a regional HIV outbreak. Methods This was a retrospective study of electronically queried clinical records from an urban, safety-net ED’s HIV screening program and publicly available HIV surveillance data for its surrounding county, Hamilton County, Ohio. Outcomes included the change in number of HIV diagnoses and the ED’s contribution to case identification county-wide, overall and for PWID during 2014–2018. Results During 2014–2018, the annual number of HIV diagnoses made by the ED program increased from 20 to 42 overall, and from 1 to 18 for PWID. We estimated that the ED contributed 18% of HIV diagnoses in the county and 22% of diagnoses among PWID. Conclusions The ED program contributed 1 in 5 new HIV diagnoses among PWID county-wide, further illustrating the importance of ED HIV screening programs in identifying undiagnosed HIV infections. In areas experiencing increasing IDU, HIV screening in EDs can provide an early indication of increasing HIV diagnoses among PWID and can substantially contribute to case-finding during an HIV outbreak.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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