Probabilistic exposure assessment of aggregate rates of dermal exposure of Japanese women and children to parabens in personal care products
| Autor: | Masakazu Makino, Shiori Nitta, Masahiro Tokumura, Tomomi Hayashi, Rina Yamaguchi, Qi Wang, Yuichi Miyake, Takashi Amagai |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Multiple exposure
Adult Environmental Engineering Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology Parabens 02 engineering and technology Cosmetics 010501 environmental sciences Administration Cutaneous 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment chemistry.chemical_compound Young Adult Japan Environmental health Environmental Chemistry Medicine Humans Genitalia Ethylparaben 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment Butylparaben Methylparaben business.industry Preservatives Pharmaceutical Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Paraben chemistry Child Preschool Female Risk assessment business Propylparaben |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 239 |
| ISSN: | 1879-1298 |
| Popis: | Parabens (p-hydroxybenzoic acids) are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products. Although the rate of exposure to a single product may be small, it is possible for an individual to have marked exposure to parabens through the use of multiple personal care products (aggregate exposure). To assess the risks associated with aggregate exposure to parabens, we estimated the dermal exposure rate distributions of four major parabens (methylparaben, MP; ethylparaben, EP; propylparaben, PP; butylparaben, BP) in various products for women (>20 years old) and children (1-3 years old) by using the probabilistic exposure assessment tool ConsExpo. Integrated exposure rates were then calculated as the sum of exposure rates for individual products. Aggregate exposure rates for women were 1.2 (median) (0.13 [5%ile], 6.9 [95%ile]), 0.43 (0.029, 3.0), 0.35 (0.032, 1.9), and 0.25 (0.027, 1.2) mg kg-bw-1 day-1 for MP, EP, PP, and BP, respectively. Those for children were 0.47 (0.054, 2.2), 0.11 (0.012, 0.60), 0.13 (0.012, 0.78), and 0.13 (0.0065, 0.85) mg kg-bw-1 day-1 for MP, EP, PP, and BP, respectively. Integrated exposure rates for women were several times those for children. In both cases, personal care products that were applied to larger areas of skin and were used more frequently were more likely to be associated with higher exposure rates. According to the results of a risk assessment using a margin of exposure approach, aggregate rates of exposure to PP and BP, but not MP or EP, were high enough to warrant concern about disruption of the reproductive system. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect