Floral adaptations of two lilies: implications for the evolution and pollination ecology of huge trumpet‐shaped flowers
| Autor: | Ying-Ze Xiong, Hang Sun, Chang-Qiu Liu, Yang Niu, Yun-Dong Gao |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Food Chain Pollination Flowers Plant Science Moths 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Species Specificity Pollinator Phylogenetics Botany Genetics Animals Phylogeny Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Pollination ecology Lilium biology Liliaceae biology.organism_classification Evolutionary transitions Adaptation 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Botany. 106:622-632 |
| ISSN: | 1537-2197 0002-9122 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ajb2.1275 |
| Popis: | Premise Evolutionary transitions among floral morphologies, many of which provide evidence for adaptation to novel pollinators, are common. Some trumpet-shaped flowers are among the largest flowers in angiosperms, occurring in different lineages. Our goal was to investigate the role of pollinators in the evolution of these flowers using Lilium. Methods We investigated floral traits and pollinators of L. primulinum var. ochraceum and L. brownii var. viridulum and reviewed reports of visitors to huge trumpet-shaped flowers. Using a published phylogeny of Lilium, we reconstructed ancestral floral morphological states in Lilium to elucidate the origins of trumpet-shaped lilies. Results Both lilies are largely self-incompatible and show floral syndromes indicative of hawkmoth pollination. The short trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by short-tongued ( 65 mm), while the huge trumpet-shaped lily can be pollinated by both. A literature review including 22 species of trumpet-shaped flowers suggests that their pollinator guilds commonly include both short- and long-tongued moths. A phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that trumpet-shaped lilies possibly have multiple origins from tepal-reflexed ancestors, at least six of which have evolved huge flowers (>50 mm). Conclusions Adaptation to short-tongued hawkmoths may have initiated the evolution of trumpet-shaped lilies. Huge trumpet-shaped lilies may have evolved as a response to selection by long-tongued hawkmoths, without excluding the short-tongued ones. This evolutionary pathway leads to a functionally more generalized pollination system instead of an increasingly specialized one and is not necessarily associated with pollinator shifts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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