Reputation and impact in academic careers
| Autor: | Kimmo Kaski, Alexander M. Petersen, Massimo Riccaboni, H. Eugene Stanley, Santo Fortunato, Fabio Pammolli, Orion Penner, Armando Rungi, Raj Kumar Pan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
FOS: Computer and information sciences
Physics - Physics and Society media_common.quotation_subject FOS: Physical sciences Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) Bibliometrics computational sociology cs.DL physics.data-an symbols.namesake Models Matthew effect Quality (business) Digital Libraries (cs.DL) Computer Simulation Meaning (existential) Sociology media_common Publishing Multidisciplinary Actuarial science Models Statistical business.industry physics.soc-ph Research Computer Science - Digital Libraries Public relations Statistical Social constructionism Research Personnel networks of networks Career Mobility science of science Physics - Data Analysis Statistics and Probability Physical Sciences symbols sociophysics Computational sociology Citation business Monte Carlo Method Data Analysis Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an) Reputation |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 111, iss 43 Petersen, AM; Fortunato, S; Pan, RK; Kaski, K; Penner, O; Rungi, A; et al.(2014). Reputation and impact in academic careers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(43), 15316-15321. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323111111. UC Merced: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1gm811qp |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1323111111. |
| Popis: | Reputation is an important social construct in science, which enables informed quality assessments of both publications and careers of scientists in the absence of complete systemic information. However, the relation between reputation and career growth of an individual remains poorly understood, despite recent proliferation of quantitative research evaluation methods. Here we develop an original framework for measuring how a publication's citation rate $\Delta c$ depends on the reputation of its central author $i$, in addition to its net citation count $c$. To estimate the strength of the reputation effect, we perform a longitudinal analysis on the careers of 450 highly-cited scientists, using the total citations $C_{i}$ of each scientist as his/her reputation measure. We find a citation crossover $c_{\times}$ which distinguishes the strength of the reputation effect. For publications with $c < c_{\times}$, the author's reputation is found to dominate the annual citation rate. Hence, a new publication may gain a significant early advantage corresponding to roughly a 66% increase in the citation rate for each tenfold increase in $C_{i}$. However, the reputation effect becomes negligible for highly cited publications meaning that for $c\geq c_{\times}$ the citation rate measures scientific impact more transparently. In addition we have developed a stochastic reputation model, which is found to reproduce numerous statistical observations for real careers, thus providing insight into the microscopic mechanisms underlying cumulative advantage in science. Comment: Final published version of the main manuscript including additional analysis: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, and full reference list, including those in the Supplementary Information. For the SI Appendix, see http://physics.bu.edu/~amp17/webpage_files/MyPapers/Reputation_SI.pdf |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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