Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by bacterial endotoxins
| Autor: | Anne Marie Van Dam, Jek H. A. Persoons, Fred J.H. Tilders, V.A.M. Vincent, K. Schotanus, Roel H. DeRuk |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 1994 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Endothelium Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism medicine.medical_treatment Central nervous system Prostaglandin Pituitary-Adrenal System Biology Dinoprostone chemistry.chemical_compound Paracrine signalling Endocrinology Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Internal medicine medicine Animals Biological Psychiatry Afferent Pathways Endocrine and Autonomic Systems Interleukin-6 Interleukin Macrophage Activation Endotoxins Psychiatry and Mental health medicine.anatomical_structure Cytokine chemistry Hypothalamus Median eminence Endothelium Vascular Corticosterone General Adaptation Syndrome Interleukin-1 Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Tilders, F J H, DeRuk, R H, Van Dam, A M, Vincent, V A M, Schotanus, K & Persoons, J H A 1994, ' Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by bacterial endotoxins : Routes and intermediate signals ', Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 209-232 . https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8 |
| ISSN: | 0306-4530 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8 |
| Popis: | Peripheral administration of endotoxin induces brain-mediated responses, including activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and changes in thermoregulation. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which endotoxin affects these responses. The effects on theroregulaton are complex and include macrophage-dependent hyperthermic and hypothermic responses. Low doses of endotoxin, given IP, activate peripheral macrophages to produce interleukin (IL)-1β, which enters the circulation and acts as a hormonal signal. IL-1 may pass fenestrated endothelium in the median eminence to stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion from the CRH nerve-terminals. In addition, IL-1 may activate brain endothelial cells to produce IL-1, IL-6, prostaglandins, etc., and secrete these substances into the brain. By paracrine actions, these substances may affect neurons (e.g., CRH neurons) or act on microglial cells, which show IL-1-induced IL-1 production and therefore amplify and prolong the intracerebral IL-1 signal. In contrast, high doses of endotoxin given IV may directly stimulate endothelial cells to produce IL-1. IL-6, and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and thereby activate the HPA axis in a macrophage-independent manner. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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