Microwave enhanced alcoholysis of non-edible (algal, jatropha and pongamia) oils using chemically activated egg shell derived CaO as heterogeneous catalyst
| Autor: | Devendra S. Rawat, Amit Kumar Sharma, Girdhar Joshi, Jitendra K. Pandey |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
020209 energy Oxide Jatropha Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Heterogeneous catalysis 01 natural sciences Catalysis Egg Shell chemistry.chemical_compound Pongamia 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Animals Plant Oils Microwaves Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Biodiesel biology Waste management Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Chemistry Oxides General Medicine Calcium Compounds biology.organism_classification Chemical engineering Biofuel Alcohols Biofuels Saturated fatty acid |
| Zdroj: | Bioresource Technology. 219:487-492 |
| ISSN: | 0960-8524 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.011 |
| Popis: | Microwave enhanced fast and efficient alcoholysis (methanolysis and ethanolysis) of non-edible oils (algal, jatropha and pongamia) is achieved using chemically activated waste egg shell derived CaO (i.e. CaO(cesp)) as heterogeneous catalyst. CaO(cesp) was extracted from waste chicken egg shell and further activated chemically by supporting transition metal oxide. The maximum conversion was achieved using 3wt% catalysts under 700W microwave irradiation and 10:1 alcohol/oil ratio in 6min. Alcoholysis using ZnO activated CaO(cesp) catalyst has shown higher reaction yields in comparison to other modified catalysts. Methanolysis has shown better biodiesel conversion in comparison to ethanolysis. The catalyst has shown longer lifetime and sustained activity after being used for four cycles. Due to more saturated fatty acid content; algal biodiesel has shown improved fuel properties in comparison to other biodiesels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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