On the Formation and Accumulation of Solid Carbon Particles in High-Enthalpy Flows Mimicking Re-Entry in the Titan Atmosphere
| Autor: | Mario Commodo, Marcello Lappa, Gennaro Zuppardi, Christophe Allouis, Antonio Esposito, Patrizia Minutolo, Barbara Apicella, Carmela Russo |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
hypersonic flow
Materials science Enthalpy Analytical chemistry 02 engineering and technology lcsh:Thermodynamics solid particles 01 natural sciences Methane 010305 fluids & plasmas symbols.namesake chemistry.chemical_compound 020401 chemical engineering lcsh:QC310.15-319 0103 physical sciences 0204 chemical engineering Atmosphere of Titan Spectroscopy Direct Simulation lcsh:QC120-168.85 Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes Mechanical Engineering methane chemical reactions Tholin arc-heated facility Condensed Matter Physics Monte Carlo method TA chemistry symbols lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics Direct simulation Monte Carlo Titan (rocket family) Raman spectroscopy |
| Zdroj: | FLUIDS 5 (2020). doi:10.3390/fluids5020093 info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Esposito, Antonio; Lappa, Marcello; Zuppardi, Gennaro; Allouis, Christophe; Apicella, Barbara; Commodo, Mario; Minutolo, Patrizia; Russo, Carmela/titolo:On the Formation and Accumulation of Solid Carbon Particles in High-Enthalpy Flows Mimicking Re-Entry in the Titan Atmosphere/doi:10.3390%2Ffluids5020093/rivista:FLUIDS/anno:2020/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:/volume:5 Fluids, Vol 5, Iss 93, p 93 (2020) Fluids Volume 5 Issue 2 |
| ISSN: | 2311-5521 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/fluids5020093 |
| Popis: | The problem relating to the formation of solid particles enabled by hypersonic re-entry in methane-containing atmospheres (such as that of Titan) has been tackled in the framework of a combined experimental&ndash numerical approach implemented via a three-level analysis hierarchy. First experimental tests have been conducted using a wind tunnel driven by an industrial arc-heated facility operating with nitrogen as working gas (the SPES, i.e., the Small Planetary Entry Simulator). The formation of solid phases as a result of the complex chemical reactions established in such conditions has been detected and quantitatively measured with high accuracy. In a second stage of the study, insights into the related formation process have been obtained by using multispecies models relying on the NASA CEA code and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Through this approach the range of flow enthalpies in which carbonaceous deposits can be formed has been identified, obtaining good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, the deposited substance has been analyzed by means of a set of complementary diagnostic techniques, i.e., SEM, spectroscopy (Raman, FTIR, UV&ndash visible absorption and fluorescence), GC&ndash MS and TGA. It has been found that carbon produced by the interaction of the simulated Titan atmosphere with a solid probe at very high temperatures can be separated into two chemically different fractions, which also include &ldquo tholins&rdquo |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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