Differential Neuroprotective Activity of Two Different Grape Seed Extracts
| Autor: | Sen Takeda, Masashi Hisamoto, Keishi Narita, Tohru Okuda |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
food.ingredient
Cell Survival Excitotoxicity lcsh:Medicine Color Glutamic Acid Biology Resveratrol medicine.disease_cause Neuroprotection Hippocampus chemistry.chemical_compound Mice food Phenols Neurotrophic factors medicine Animals Vitis lcsh:Science Cells Cultured Flavonoids Neurons Multidisciplinary Grape Seed Extract lcsh:R Glutamate receptor food and beverages Polyphenols Glutamic acid Cell Biology/Cellular Death and Stress Responses Chemical Biology/Chemical Biology of the Cell Molecular Weight Neurological Disorders/Neuropharmacology Neuroprotective Agents Proanthocyanidin Biochemistry chemistry Grape seed extract Cell Biology/Neuronal and Glial Cell Biology lcsh:Q Research Article |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 1, p e14575 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the major events that takes place during various neurotoxic injuries such as brain ischemia. We prepared grape seed extracts, from two different varieties, containing high amounts of polyphenols but little resveratrol. Their neuroprotective effects were investigated using primary culture of neonatal mouse hippocampal neurons treated with an excitotoxic concentration of glutamate. Koshu, a white, local variety of V. vinifera, alleviated the acute inactivation of Erk1/2 and dendrite retraction in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to a toxic concentration of glutamate (1.0 ng/ml). By contrast, Muscat Bailey A, a red, hybrid variety (Muscat Humburg × Bailey), failed to show any neuroprotective effect. Unlike brain-derived neurotrophic factor and other neuroprotective cytokines, Koshu extract did not induce Akt phosphorylation. Koshu extract also augmented neuron survival rate 24 hours after glutamate toxicity. The comparison of polyphenols between the two samples by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated that Koshu had higher amounts of low molecular weight polyphenols along with several Koshu-specific procyanidin oligomers. These data suggest the presence of high affinity molecular targets for polyphenols in hippocampal neurons, which induce neuroprotective effects in a manner different from BDNF, and the importance of low molecular weight polyphenols and/or procyanidin oligomers for neuroprotection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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