Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori
| Autor: | Shunze Jia, Yan-Ting Liang, Yun Gao, Huabing Wang, Hideki Kawasaki, Yun-Cai Liu, Yu Tang, Yusong Xu |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Pigments
Cancer Research Life Cycles Physiology Insect Molting QH426-470 Biochemistry Melanin chemistry.chemical_compound Gene Knockout Techniques 0302 clinical medicine Larvae Metabolites Materials Genetics (clinical) Phylogeny media_common Regulation of gene expression 0303 health sciences Pigmentation Eukaryota Cell biology Insects Larva Physical Sciences Purine Metabolism Insect Proteins Metabolic Pathways Ecdysone Research Article Arthropoda media_common.quotation_subject Materials Science Biology 03 medical and health sciences Bombyx mori Genetics Metabolomics Animals Molecular Biology Transcription factor Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 030304 developmental biology Cuticle (hair) Melanins Organic Pigments Organisms Biology and Life Sciences biology.organism_classification Bombyx Invertebrates Metabolism chemistry Gene Expression Regulation Mutation CRISPR-Cas Systems Physiological Processes Zoology Entomology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Function (biology) Developmental Biology Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Genetics, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e1008980 (2020) PLoS Genetics |
| ISSN: | 1553-7404 1553-7390 |
| Popis: | The complex stripes and patterns of insects play key roles in behavior and ecology. However, the fine-scale regulation mechanisms underlying pigment formation and morphological divergence remain largely unelucidated. Here we demonstrated that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. Moreover, our knockout experiments showed that IDGF is suggested to impact the expression levels of the ecdysone inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further control the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that BmIDGF significantly affected critical metabolites involved in phenylalanine, beta-alanine, purine, and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our findings highlighted not only the universal function of IDGF to the maintenance of normal cuticle structure but also an underexplored space in the gene function affecting melanin formation. Therefore, this study furthers our understanding of insect pigment metabolism and melanin pattern polymorphisms. Author summary The diverse stripe patterns of animals are usually used for warning or camouflage. However, the actual mechanisms underlying diverse stripe pattern formation remains largely unknown. This study provides direct evidence that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation. Our exhaustive knockout experiments reveal that BmIDGF is involved in the melanin pigmentation of Bombyx mori. We demonstrate that IDGF impacts the expression levels of the 20E-inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further affect the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolome of BmIDGF gene deletion connects metabolism to gene function. Thus, this study shed light on not only the unique function of IDGF but also the molecular mechanism of spot pattern formation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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