Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection: evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies

Autor: Ellen J Thompson, Jean Stafford, Bettina Moltrecht, Charlotte F Huggins, Alex S F Kwong, Richard J Shaw, Paola Zaninotto, Kishan Patel, Richard J Silverwood, Eoin McElroy, Matthias Pierce, Michael J Green, Ruth C E Bowyer, Jane Maddock, Kate Tilling, S Vittal Katikireddi, George B Ploubidis, David J Porteous, Nic Timpson, Nish Chaturvedi, Claire J Steves, Praveetha Patalay
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Thompson, E J, Stafford, J, Moltrecht, B, Huggins, C F, Tilling, K M & Timpson, N J 2022, ' Psychological distress, depression, anxiety and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection : Evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies ', Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 894-906 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00307-8
Thompson, E J, Stafford, J, Moltrecht, B, Huggins, C F, Kwong, A S F, Shaw, R J, Zaninotto, P, Patel, K, Silverwood, R J, McElroy, E, Pierce, M, Green, M J, Bowyer, R C E, Maddock, J, Tilling, K, Katikireddi, S V, Ploubidis, G B, Porteous, D J, Timpson, N, Chaturvedi, N, Steves, C J & Patalay, P 2022, ' Psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction following COVID-19 infection : evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies ', The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 894-906 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00307-8
ISSN: 2215-0366
DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00307-8
Popis: BACKGROUND: Evidence on associations between COVID-19 illness and mental health is mixed. We aimed to examine whether COVID-19 is associated with deterioration in mental health while considering pre-pandemic mental health, time since infection, subgroup differences, and confirmation of infection via self-reported test and serology data.METHODS: We obtained data from 11 UK longitudinal studies with repeated measures of mental health (psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction; mental health scales were standardised within each study across time) and COVID-19 status between April, 2020, and April, 2021. We included participants with information available on at least one mental health outcome measure and self-reported COVID-19 status (suspected or test-confirmed) during the pandemic, and a subset with serology-confirmed COVID-19. Furthermore, only participants who had available data on a minimum set of covariates, including age, sex, and pre-pandemic mental health were included. We investigated associations between having ever had COVID-19 and mental health outcomes using generalised estimating equations. We examined whether associations varied by age, sex, ethnicity, education, and pre-pandemic mental health, whether the strength of the association varied according to time since infection, and whether associations differed between self-reported versus confirmed (by test or serology) infection.FINDINGS: Between 21 Dec, 2021, and July 11, 2022, we analysed data from 54 442 participants (ranging from a minimum age of 16 years in one study to a maximum category of 90 years and older in another; including 33 200 [61·0%] women and 21 242 [39·0%] men) from 11 longitudinal UK studies. Of 40 819 participants with available ethnicity data, 36 802 (90·2%) were White. Pooled estimates of standardised differences in outcomes suggested associations between COVID-19 and subsequent psychological distress (0·10 [95% CI 0·06 to 0·13], I2=42·8%), depression (0·08 [0·05 to 0·10], I2=20·8%), anxiety (0·08 [0·05 to 0·10], I2=0·0%), and lower life satisfaction (-0·06 [-0·08 to -0·04], I2=29·2%). We found no evidence of interactions between COVID-19 and sex, education, ethnicity, or pre-pandemic mental health. Associations did not vary substantially between time since infection of less than 4 weeks, 4-12 weeks, and more than 12 weeks, and were present in all age groups, with some evidence of stronger effects in those aged 50 years and older. Participants who self-reported COVID-19 but had negative serology had worse mental health outcomes for all measures than those without COVID-19 based on serology and self-report. Participants who had positive serology but did not self-report COVID-19 did not show association with mental health outcomes.INTERPRETATION: Self-reporting COVID-19 was longitudinally associated with deterioration in mental health and life satisfaction. Our findings emphasise the need for greater post-infection mental health service provision, given the substantial prevalence of COVID-19 in the UK and worldwide.FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council and UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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