Variability of residual chlorine in swimming pool water and determination of chlorine consumption for maintaining hygienic safety of bathers with a simple mass balance model
| Autor: | Alvyn P. Berg, Hao L. Tang, Ting-An Fang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Halogenation Field data 0208 environmental biotechnology chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Residual 01 natural sciences Swimming Pools polycyclic compounds Chlorine Two sample Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Water pollutants Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental engineering Swimming pool water 020801 environmental engineering Disinfection Infectious Diseases chemistry Residual chlorine Environmental science Water quality Water Pollutants Chemical Disinfectants Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Journal of water and health. 17(2) |
| ISSN: | 1477-8920 |
| Popis: | Trial-and-error chlorination as a conventional practice for swimming pool water disinfection may fail to consistently maintain the pool's residual chlorine within regulatory limits. This study explored the variability of residual chlorine and other common water quality parameters of two sample swimming pools and examined the potential of using a mass balance model for proactive determination of chlorine consumption to better secure the hygienic safety of bathers. A lightly loaded Pool 1 with a normalized bather load of 0.038 bather/m3/day and a heavily loaded Pool 2 with a normalized bather load of 0.36 bather/m3/day showed great variances in residual free and combined chlorine control by trial-and-error methods due to dynamic pool uses. A mass balance model based on chemical and physical chlorine consumption mechanisms was found to be statistically valid using field data obtained from Pool 1. The chlorine consumption per capita coefficient was determined to be 4120 mg/bather. The predictive method based on chlorine demand has a potential to be used as a complementary approach to the existing trial-and-error chlorination practices for swimming pool water disinfection. The research is useful for pool maintenance to proactively determine the required chlorine dosage for compliance of pool regulations. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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