Multifactorial Evaluation of Atenolol, Caffeine, Carbamazepine and Ibuprofen on Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris
| Autor: | Ole Pahl, Joanne Roberts, Colin Hunter, Zaniel S. D. Procopio |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
QH301-705.5
Raphidocelis subcapitata Chlorella vulgaris pharmaceuticals micropollutants Article General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Algae Ecosystem Biology (General) algae Pollutant General Immunology and Microbiology biology ecotoxicity biology.organism_classification Photosynthetic capacity Environmental chemistry multifactorial approach Ecotoxicity General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Bioindicator |
| Zdroj: | Biology Biology, Vol 10, Iss 926, p 926 (2021) Volume 10 Issue 9 |
| ISSN: | 2079-7737 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biology10090926 |
| Popis: | Simple Summary This study analysed combined stress effects caused by micropollutants commonly found in the aquatic environment at extremely low concentrations. For this purpose, two microalgae were used as biomarkers and three characteristics of these organisms were combined via a mathematical method to indicate stress due to exposure to four different pharmaceuticals at, below and above expected environmental concentrations. The results obtained showed that even at lower concentrations than those reported for the aquatic environment, it was possible to observe a significant variation in the cellular behaviour of both algae. Thus, this study was able to demonstrate that a combination of analyses that are commonly studied separately can create a greater understanding and improve the prediction of the effects caused by micropollutants. This innovative approach can serve as a cornerstone for future studies, guiding ecotoxicological protocols and even contributing to the establishment of regulations for water quality control. Abstract Micropollutants in aquatic resources have raised global concerns regarding the conservation of ecosystems. Although they are usually found in the environment at trace concentrations to a maximum of several µg/L, it is still necessary to address the potential risks these pollutants may represent to organisms. A multifactor analysis was conducted using two algae as bioindicators. Four different pharmaceuticals were chosen based on their occurrence in domestic wastewaters and persistency after biological treatment processes ranging from 1/8th to four-fold representative environmental concentrations over 96 h exposure. The present multifactor analysis evaluated cell size, photosynthetic capacity and growth rate. These data were later combined into a simplified single entity: “the index effect”. The results obtained showed that, even at concentrations below the environmentally relevant concentrations (ERC), the pharmaceuticals’ residues (PRs), caused a cellular behavioural variation in both organisms. In addition, the algae cultures’ response to exposure to these stressors was generally dependent on the concentration over time. By examining four different PR over three different characteristics of two types of algal bioindicators, this work covers significant and specific responses on the algae exposure cycle. This is unique research since most studies do not consider multiple parameters in the assessment of the environment risk for bioindicators. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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