The Antiviral Role of Galectins toward Influenza A Virus Infection—An Alternative Strategy for Influenza Therapy
Autor: | Sheng-Fan Wang, Zih Syuan Yang, Jason C. Huang, Fu-Tong Liu, Wen Hung Wang, Chih Yen Lin, Yu Ting Lin, Aspiro Nayim Urbina |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Glycan review Pharmaceutical Science PRISMA medicine.disease_cause Virus anti-influenza 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Pharmacy and materia medica Drug Discovery medicine Influenza A virus otorhinolaryngologic diseases influenza A virus 030212 general & internal medicine carbohydrate recognition domain Receptor Gene Galectin biology Inflammasome RS1-441 stomatognathic diseases 030104 developmental biology galectins Immunology biology.protein Molecular Medicine Medicine medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Pharmaceuticals, Vol 14, Iss 490, p 490 (2021) Pharmaceuticals |
ISSN: | 1424-8247 |
Popis: | Animal lectins are proteins with carbohydrate recognition activity. Galectins, the β-galactoside binding lectins, are expressed in various cells and have been reported to regulate several immunological and physiological responses. Recently, some galectins have been reported to regulate some viral infections, including influenza A virus (IAV); however, the mechanism is still not fully understood. Thus, we aim to review systemically the roles of galectins in their antiviral functions against IAVs. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select the eligible articles. Results indicated that only Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and Galectin-9 were reported to play a regulatory role in IAV infection. These regulatory effects occur extracellularly, through their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) interacting with glycans expressed on the virus surface, as well as endogenously, in a cell–cell interaction manner. The inhibition effects induced by galectins on IAV infection were through blocking virus–host receptors interaction, activation of NLRP-3 inflammasome, augment expression of antiviral genes and related cytokines, as well as stimulation of Tim-3 related signaling to enhance virus-specific T cells and humoral immune response. Combined, this study concludes that currently, only three galectins have reported antiviral capabilities against IAV infection, thereby having the potential to be applied as an alternative anti-influenza therapeutic strategy. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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