Retinoids in the visual cycle: role of the retinal G protein-coupled receptor
| Autor: | Elliot H. Choi, Krzysztof Palczewski, Anahita Daruwalla, Susie Suh, Henri Leinonen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Opsin retina genetic structures RALBP retinal-binding protein retinal pigment epithelium 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics Eye Biochemistry vitamin A Rgr−/− Rgr knockout RDH10 retinol dehydrogenase 10 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology retinal pigment epithelium-retinal G proteincoupled receptor opsin RDH5 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase 5 RE retinyl ester Chemistry Gnat1−/− Gnat1 knockout GPCR G protein-coupled receptor IRBP interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein Cell biology medicine.anatomical_structure Retinaldehyde Visual phototransduction vision Biochemistry & Molecular Biology RPE retinal pigment epithelium RPE65 retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa CRALBP cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein QD415-436 Thematic Review Series: Seeing 2020:Lipids and Lipid-Soluble Molecules in the Eye photoisomerase 03 medical and health sciences visual pigments medicine Retinal G protein coupled receptor CDHR1 cadherin-related family member 1 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ERG electroretinography Retina Retinal pigment epithelium LRAT lecithin:retinol acyltransferase retinal pigment epithelium-retinal G protein-coupled receptor opsin Neurosciences visual chromophore Thematic Review Series Photoisomerase Cell Biology eye diseases 030104 developmental biology RGR retinal pigment epithelium-retinal G protein-coupled receptor RPE65 sense organs Biochemistry and Cell Biology |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Lipid Research Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 62, Iss, Pp 100040-(2021) |
| Popis: | Driven by the energy of a photon, the visual pigments in rod and cone photoreceptor cells isomerize 11-cis-retinal to the all-trans configuration. This photochemical reaction initiates the signal transduction pathway that eventually leads to the transmission of a visual signal to the brain and leaves the opsins insensitive to further light stimulation. For the eye to restore light sensitivity, opsins require recharging with 11-cis-retinal. This trans-cis back conversion is achieved through a series of enzymatic reactions composing the retinoid (visual) cycle. Although it is evident that the classical retinoid cycle is critical for vision, the existence of an adjunct pathway for 11-cis-retinal regeneration has been debated for many years. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR) has been identified previously as a mammalian retinaldehyde photoisomerase homologous to retinochrome found in invertebrates. Using pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical approaches, researchers have now established the physiological relevance of the RGR in 11-cis-retinal regeneration. The photoisomerase activity of RGR in the RPE and Müller glia explains how the eye can remain responsive in daylight. In this review, we will focus on retinoid metabolism in the eye and visual chromophore regeneration mediated by RGR. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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