Mild carotid stenosis creates gradual, progressive, lifelong brain, and eye damage: An experimental laboratory rat model
| Autor: | Yael Piontkewitz, Nir Rudoler, Anat Nitzan, Yael Zilberstein, Hana Ziv, Arieh S. Solomon, Sarah Pri-Chen, Adi Tzameret, Bruzel Marina |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Optic tract Water maze Biology Eye 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Occlusion medicine Animals Carotid Stenosis Cognitive Dysfunction Optic Tract Rats Wistar Maze Learning Stroke Cognitive deficit General Neuroscience Brain Optic Nerve medicine.disease Pons Rats Disease Models Animal Stenosis 030104 developmental biology Optic nerve Cardiology medicine.symptom 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Comparative Neurology. 528:1672-1682 |
| ISSN: | 1096-9861 0021-9967 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/cne.24851 |
| Popis: | In humans, carotid stenosis of 70% and above might be the cause of clinical symptoms such as transient ischemic attack and stroke. No clinical or animal studies have evaluated mild carotid occlusion, and few examined unilateral occlusion. Here, Westar rats underwent bilateral or unilateral carotid occlusion of 28-45%. Long-term effects were evaluated 9-11 months later. We conducted cognitive evaluation using spatial learning in a water maze and exploration behavior in an open field. Morphology of the brain was examined by MRI using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and immunohistochemistry staining of the brain and eyes. Cognitive deficit was found in spatial memory and exploration behavior in both occluded groups. Brain and eyes histology presented severe damage in the bilateral group, compared to the unilateral one. DTI revealed an increase in mean diffusivity (MD) in the ventral thalamus and a decrease in fractional anisotropy in optic nerve and optic tract in bilateral rats, while unilateral rats showed only an increase in MD in the ventral pons. In those areas, a significant change in astrocytes, microglia, and number of apoptotic cells were found. Bilateral occlusion produced severe damage to both retinas, while unilateral occlusion produced damage mainly in the occluded side. We found that mild carotid stenosis, even in a unilateral occlusion, creates behavioral abnormalities presented by brain and eye histopathology. The results support our hypothesis that gradual formation of mild carotid stenosis along the life course leads to progressive damage that may create different degenerative diseases at a later age. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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