Meat supplementation increases arm muscle area in Kenyan schoolchildren
Autor: | Charlotte G. Neumann, Jonathan H. Siekmann, Constance Gewa, Suzanne P. Murphy, Luohua Jiang, Nimrod O. Bwibo, Robert E. Weiss, Monika Grillenberger |
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Rok vydání: | 2012 |
Předmět: |
Male
Kenya Meat Adolescent Medicine (miscellaneous) Rural Health Muscle Development law.invention Cohort Studies Child Development Randomized controlled trial law Arm muscle Animals Humans Medicine Body Weights and Measures Longitudinal Studies Food science Child Muscle Skeletal Developing Countries Adiposity Nutrition and Dietetics business.industry Diet Vegetarian Adolescent Development Anthropometry Micronutrient Milk Cohort Arm Lean body mass Female Snacks business Cohort study Demography |
Zdroj: | British Journal of Nutrition. 109:1230-1240 |
ISSN: | 1475-2662 0007-1145 |
DOI: | 10.1017/s0007114512003121 |
Popis: | The present study examines the effect of animal-source-food (ASF) intake on arm muscle area growth as part of a larger study examining causal links between ASF intake, growth rate, physical activity, cognitive function and micronutrient status in Kenyan schoolchildren. This randomised, controlled feeding intervention study was designed with three isoenergetic feeding interventions of meat, milk, and plain traditional vegetable stew (githeri), and a control group receiving no snack. A total of twelve elementary schools were randomly assigned to interventions, with three schools per group, and two cohorts of 518 and 392 schoolchildren were enrolled 1 year apart. Children in each cohort were given feedings at school and studied for three school terms per year over 2 years, a total of 9 months per year: cohort I from 1998 to 2000 and cohort II from 1999 to 2001. Food intake was assessed by 24 h recall every 1–2 months and biochemical analysis for micronutrient status conducted annually (in cohort I only). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC). Mid-upper-arm muscle area (MAMA) and mid-upper-arm fat area (MAFA) were calculated. The two cohorts were combined for analyses. The meat group showed the steepest rates of gain in MUAC and MAMA over time, and the milk group showed the next largest significant MUAC and MAMA gain compared with the plaingitheriand control groups (P |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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