The dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence, mechanisms and therapeutic modalities

Autor: Shifaa M. Abdin, Hany A. Omar, Dima W. Alhamad, Amani T. Altell, Sara M. Elgendy, Shatha K. Alyammahi
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Chronic disorders
Th1
T-helper-1
ACE2
angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor
BMI
body mass index
Comorbidity
Review
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
Disease
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
Risk Factors
Th2
T-helper 2
Pandemic
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
TMPRSS2
transmembrane protease serine 2
COVID-19
coronavirus disease 2019
media_common
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Mortality rate
MERS-CoV
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Prognosis
GI
gastrointestinal
ICU
intensive care unit
IgE
immunoglobin E
NF- κB
nuclear factor kappa B
Infectious Diseases
ACS
acute chest syndrome
SCD
sickle cell disease
Microbiology (medical)
Drug
medicine.medical_specialty
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
SGLT-2
sodium-glucose-co-transporter 2
media_common.quotation_subject
SARS-CoV
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
030106 microbiology
AKI
acute kidney injury
Biology
SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Microbiology
WHO
World Health Organization
03 medical and health sciences
Diabetes mellitus
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
Genetics
medicine
Humans
Intensive care medicine
Molecular Biology
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Multi-organ damage
Ang II
angiotensin II
SARS-CoV-2
Management plans
COVID-19
RAS
renin-angiotensin system
medicine.disease
ICS
inhaled corticosteroids
Obesity
IL
interleukin
CFR
case-fatality rate
030104 developmental biology
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic Disease
Cytokine storm
Zdroj: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
ISSN: 1567-1348
Popis: The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This indicates that these patients seem to be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility to and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discusses the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.
Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image
Highlights • Chronic diseases patients are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 manifestations • COVID-19 affects many organs through ACE-2 receptor • COVID-19 induces multi-organ damage in individuals with no preexisting comorbidities • The mechanism of COVID-19-induced multiorgan damage is essential • Tailoring therapy protocols for chronic diseases in COVID-19 patients is highly needed
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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