Snow observations in Mount Lebanon (2011–2016)
| Autor: | Ahmad Al Bitar, Pascal Fanise, Laurent Drapeau, Abbas Fayad, Janine Somma, Richard Escadafal, Simon Gascoin, Ali Fadel, Ghaleb Faour |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Laboratoire de Télédétection, Département de Géographie, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Comité Scientifique Français de la Désertification (CSFD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
0208 environmental biotechnology Drainage basin 02 engineering and technology Snow field 01 natural sciences Snow line Hydrometeorology Precipitation [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment lcsh:Environmental sciences 0105 earth and related environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 geography geography.geographical_feature_category lcsh:QE1-996.5 Elevation 15. Life on land Snow 020801 environmental engineering lcsh:Geology 13. Climate action Climatology Snowmelt General Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental science ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE |
| Zdroj: | Earth System Science Data Earth System Science Data, 2017, 9 (2), pp.573--587. ⟨10.5194/essd-9-573-2017⟩ Earth System Science Data, Vol 9, Pp 573-587 (2017) |
| ISSN: | 1866-3516 1866-3508 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/essd-9-573-2017⟩ |
| Popis: | We present a unique meteorological and snow observational dataset in Mount Lebanon, a mountainous region with a Mediterranean climate, where snowmelt is an essential water resource. The study region covers the recharge area of three karstic river basins (total area of 1092 km2 and an elevation up to 3088 m). The dataset consists of (1) continuous meteorological and snow height observations, (2) snowpack field measurements, and (3) medium-resolution satellite snow cover data. The continuous meteorological measurements at three automatic weather stations (MZA, 2296 m; LAQ, 1840 m; and CED, 2834 m a.s.l.) include surface air temperature and humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, incoming and reflected shortwave irradiance, and snow height, at 30 min intervals for the snow seasons (November–June) between 2011 and 2016 for MZA and between 2014 and 2016 for CED and LAQ. Precipitation data were filtered and corrected for Geonor undercatch. Observations of snow height (HS), snow water equivalent, and snow density were collected at 30 snow courses located at elevations between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l. during the two snow seasons of 2014–2016 with an average revisit time of 11 days. Daily gap-free snow cover extent (SCA) and snow cover duration (SCD) maps derived from MODIS snow products are provided for the same period (2011–2016). We used the dataset to characterize mean snow height, snow water equivalent (SWE), and density for the first time in Mount Lebanon. Snow seasonal variability was characterized with high HS and SWE variance and a relatively high snow density mean equal to 467 kg m−3. We find that the relationship between snow depth and snow density is specific to the Mediterranean climate. The current model explained 34 % of the variability in the entire dataset (all regions between 1300 and 2900 m a.s.l.) and 62 % for high mountain regions (elevation 2200–2900 m a.s.l.). The dataset is suitable for the investigation of snow dynamics and for the forcing and validation of energy balance models. Therefore, this dataset bears the potential to greatly improve the quantification of snowmelt and mountain hydrometeorological processes in this data-scarce region of the eastern Mediterranean. The DOI for the data is https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583733. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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