Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance
| Autor: | Kyle Levers, N Barringer, C Goodenough, Elfego Galvan, Dillon K. Walker, Conrad P. Earnest, James D. Fluckey, Steven E. Riechman, A O'Connor, Stephen B. Smith, Chris Rasmussen, Sunday Simbo, Ryan Dalton, Richard B. Kreider, Mike Greenwood, Peter S. Murano |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Anaerobic Threshold Weight Lifting Supplementation Blood Pressure Athletic Performance Nitrate Creatine Placebo Gastroenterology Bench press 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Double-Blind Method Heart Rate Internal medicine Heart rate medicine Humans Muscle Strength Muscle Skeletal Nutrition Wingate test Cross-Over Studies Nitrates 030109 nutrition & dietetics Nutrition and Dietetics Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Creatine nitrate 030229 sport sciences Exercise performance Crossover study chemistry Physical Fitness Dietary Supplements Physical Endurance Creatine Monohydrate business Anaerobic exercise Research Article Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| ISSN: | 1550-2783 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12970-016-0124-0 |
| Popis: | Background Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and nitrate are popular supplements for improving exercise performance; yet have not been investigated in combination. We performed two studies to determine the safety and exercise performance-characteristics of creatine nitrate (CrN) supplementation. Methods Study 1 participants (N = 13) ingested 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 g CrN (CrN-High), 5 g CrM or a placebo in a randomized, crossover study (7d washout) to determine supplement safety (hepatorenal and muscle enzymes, heart rate, blood pressure and side effects) measured at time-0 (unsupplemented), 30-min, and then hourly for 5-h post-ingestion. Study 2 participants (N = 48) received the same CrN treatments vs. 3 g CrM in a randomized, double-blind, 28d trial inclusive of a 7-d interim testing period and loading sequence (4 servings/d). Day-7 and d-28 measured Tendo™ bench press performance, Wingate testing and a 6x6-s bicycle ergometer sprint. Data were analyzed using a GLM and results are reported as mean ± SD or mean change ± 95 % CI. Results In both studies we observed several significant, yet stochastic changes in blood markers that were not indicative of potential harm or consistent for any treatment group. Equally, all treatment groups reported a similar number of minimal side effects. In Study 2, there was a significant increase in plasma nitrates for both CrN groups by d-7, subsequently abating by d-28. Muscle creatine increased significantly by d-7 in the CrM and CrN-High groups, but then decreased by d-28 for CrN-High. By d-28, there were significant increases in bench press lifting volume (kg) for all groups (PLA, 126.6, 95 % CI 26.3, 226.8; CrM, 194.1, 95 % CI 89.0, 299.2; CrN-Low, 118.3, 95 % CI 26.1, 210.5; CrN-High, 267.2, 95 % CI 175.0, 359.4, kg). Only the CrN-High group was significantly greater than PLA (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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