Oil Extraction from Microalgae Dunalliela sp. by Polar and Non-Polar Solvents

Autor: A. Zonouzi, M. Auli, M. Javanmard Dakheli, M. A. Hejazi
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1126964
Popis: Microalgae are tiny photosynthetic plants. Nowadays, microalgae are being used as nutrient-dense foods and sources of fine chemicals. They have significant amounts of lipid, carotenoids, vitamins, protein, minerals, chlorophyll, and pigments. Oil extraction from algae is a hotly debated topic currently because introducing an efficient method could decrease the process cost. This can determine the sustainability of algae-based foods. Scientific research works show that solvent extraction using chloroform/methanol (2:1) mixture is one of the efficient methods for oil extraction from algal cells, but both methanol and chloroform are toxic solvents, and therefore, the extracted oil will not be suitable for food application. In this paper, the effect of two food grade solvents (hexane and hexane/ isopropanol) on oil extraction yield from microalgae Dunaliella sp. was investigated and the results were compared with chloroform/methanol (2:1) extraction yield. It was observed that the oil extraction yield using hexane, hexane/isopropanol (3:2) and chloroform/methanol (2:1) mixture were 5.4, 13.93, and 17.5 (% w/w, dry basis), respectively. The fatty acid profile derived from GC illustrated that the palmitic (36.62%), oleic (18.62%), and stearic acids (19.08%) form the main portion of fatty acid composition of microalgae Dunalliela sp. oil. It was concluded that, the addition of isopropanol as polar solvent could increase the extraction yield significantly. Isopropanol solves cell wall phospholipids and enhances the release of intercellular lipids, which improves accessing of hexane to fatty acids.
{"references":["A. Demirbas. Use of algae as biofuel sources, Energy Convers Manage 51(2010) 2738-2749.","Y. Chisti, Research review paper: biodiesel from microalgae, Biotech. Adv. 25 (2007) 294–306.","O. Perez-Garcia, F.M.E. Escalante, L.E. De-Bashan, Y. Bashan, Heterotrophic cultures of microalgae: metabolism and potential products, Water Res. 45 (2011) 11–36.","M. Gaffney, R. O'Rourke, R. Murphy. Manipulation of fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. through flaxseed oil supplementation. Algal Research (2014) 195-200.","M. F. Demirbas. Biofuels from algae for sustainable development. Appl Energy. 88 (2011) 3473–3480.","K. G. Satyanarayana, A.B. Mariano, J.V.C. Vargas, A review on microalgae, a versatile source for sustainable energy and materials, Int. J. Energy Res. 35 (2011) 291–311.","J. Bernal, J. A. Mendiola, E. Ibáñez, A. Cifuentes, Advanced analysis of nutraceuticals, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 55 (2011) 758–774.","A. B. Miravalles, P. I. Leonardi. Optimization of culture conditions of an Argentine strain of Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta), for the synthesis of beta-carotene, ACTA HORT 502 (1999) 153-157.","A. K. Lee, D. L. Lewis, P. J. Ashman. Microbial flocculation, a potentially low cost harvesting technique for marine microalgae for the production of biodiesel. Journal of Applied Phycology 21 (2009) 559-567. \n[10]\tA. Richmond. Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology, Blackwell Science Ltd. (2004).\n[11]\tD. Zhang, Y. Yu, Ch. Li, Ch. Chai, L. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Feng. Factors affecting microalgae harvesting efficiencies using electrocoagulation-flotation for lipid extraction. RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 5795-5800.\n[12]\tA. Zenouzi, B. Ghobadian, M. A. Hejazi, P. Rahnemoon (2012). Harvesting of Microalgae Dunaliella salina Using Electrotlocculation. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 15 (2013) 879-888.\n[13]\tG.S. Araujo, L.J.B.L. Matos, J.O. Fernandes, S.J.M. Cartaxo, L. R. B. Goncalves, F.A.N. Fernandes, and W.R.L. Farias. Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae by Ultrasound Application: Prospection of the Optimal Extraction Method, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20 (2013) 95-98.\n[14]\tM.A. Kaluzny, L.A. Duncan, M.V. Merritt, D.E. Epps. Rapid separation of lipid classes in high yield and purity using bonded phase columns, J. Lipid Res. 26 (1985) 135–140. \n[15]\tCodex stan 210-1999. Standard for named vegetable oils. Adopted in 1999. Revision: 2015."]}
Databáze: OpenAIRE