Goal-Directed Modulation of Neural Memory Patterns: Implications for fMRI-Based Memory Detection

Autor: Jesse Rissman, J. Tyler Boyd-Meredith, Tiffany E. Chow, Melina R. Uncapher, Anthony D. Wagner
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Male
1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes
Image Processing
Intention
Medical and Health Sciences
Spatial memory
Extinction
Psychological
Computer-Assisted
episodic retrieval
Image Processing
Computer-Assisted
Explicit memory
Semantic memory
Attention
Visual short-term memory
Episodic memory
Eyewitness memory (child testimony)
Brain Mapping
Memory errors
General Neuroscience
Brain
Extinction
Articles
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
countermeasures
Mental Health
Neurological
functional MRI
Psychology
Goals
Cognitive psychology
Adult
Adolescent
Young Adult
pattern classification
Clinical Research
Underpinning research
Memory
Reaction Time
Humans
neurolaw
Communication
Neurology & Neurosurgery
business.industry
Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Neurosciences
Oxygen
Face
Psychological
Implicit memory
business
Photic Stimulation
Zdroj: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, vol 35, iss 22
ISSN: 1529-2401
0270-6474
Popis: Remembering a past event elicits distributed neural patterns that can be distinguished from patterns elicited when encountering novel information. These differing patterns can be decoded with relatively high diagnostic accuracy for individual memories using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data. Brain-based memory detection—if valid and reliable—would have clear utility beyond the domain of cognitive neuroscience, in the realm of law, marketing, and beyond. However, a significant boundary condition on memory decoding validity may be the deployment of “countermeasures”: strategies used to mask memory signals. Here we tested the vulnerability of fMRI-based memory detection to countermeasures, using a paradigm that bears resemblance to eyewitness identification. Participants were scanned while performing two tasks on previously studied and novel faces: (1) a standard recognition memory task; and (2) a task wherein they attempted to conceal their true memory state. Univariate analyses revealed that participants were able to strategically modulate neural responses, averaged across trials, in regions implicated in memory retrieval, including the hippocampus and angular gyrus. Moreover, regions associated with goal-directed shifts of attention and thought substitution supported memory concealment, and those associated with memory generation supported novelty concealment. Critically, whereas MVPA enabled reliable classification of memory states when participants reported memory truthfully, the ability to decode memory on individual trials was compromised, even reversing, during attempts to conceal memory. Together, these findings demonstrate that strategic goal states can be deployed to mask memory-related neural patterns and foil memory decoding technology, placing a significant boundary condition on their real-world utility.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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