The role of somatic mutations on the immune response of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer

Autor: Rodolfo Borges dos Reis, Jeremy A. Squire, Luiz Paulo Chaves, Thiago Vidotto, William Lautert-Dutra, Camila Morais Melo
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
Genome instability
oncogenes
medicine.medical_treatment
Review
Prostate cancer
Tumor Microenvironment
spatial imaging
Biology (General)
Spectroscopy
Clinical Trials as Topic
biology
General Medicine
mouse models of cancer
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
immunotherapy
Single-Cell Analysis
QH301-705.5
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Immune system
medicine
MODELOS ANIMAIS DE DOENÇAS
Animals
Humans
PTEN
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
QD1-999
Molecular Biology
immune evasion
Spatial Analysis
Tumor microenvironment
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Prostatic Neoplasms
Cancer
Neoplasms
Experimental
Immunotherapy
genomic instability
medicine.disease
innate and adaptive immune system
Mutation
Cancer cell
Cancer research
biology.protein
checkpoint blockade
tumor suppressor genes
single-cell transcriptomics
business
Genes
Neoplasm
Zdroj: Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron:USP
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 9550, p 9550 (2021)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Popis: Immunotherapy has improved patient survival in many types of cancer, but for prostate cancer, initial results with immunotherapy have been disappointing. Prostate cancer is considered an immunologically excluded or cold tumor, unable to generate an effective T-cell response against cancer cells. However, a small but significant percentage of patients do respond to immunotherapy, suggesting that some specific molecular subtypes of this tumor may have a better response to checkpoint inhibitors. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to their function as cancer genes, somatic mutations of PTEN, TP53, RB1, CDK12, and DNA repair, or specific activation of regulatory pathways, such as ETS or MYC, may also facilitate immune evasion of the host response against cancer. This review presents an update of recent discoveries about the role that the common somatic mutations can play in changing the tumor microenvironment and immune response against prostate cancer. We describe how detailed molecular genetic analyses of the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer using mouse models and human tumors are providing new insights into the cell types and pathways mediating immune responses. These analyses are helping researchers to design drug combinations that are more likely to target the molecular and immunological pathways that underlie treatment failure.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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