Viral subversion of APOBEC3s: Lessons for anti-tumor immunity and tumor immunotherapy
| Autor: | Emma M Quinlan, Michael D. Grant, Mani Larijani, Mahdi Asgharpour, Faezeh Borzooee |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
DNA Repair Carcinogenesis viruses medicine.medical_treatment Immunology HIV Infections Context (language use) Adaptive Immunity Biology Antiviral Agents Virus Cytosine Deaminase 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Cancer immunotherapy Immunity Cytidine Deaminase medicine Animals Humans Immunology and Allergy APOBEC Deaminases Immune Evasion Innate immune system HIV Cancer Immunotherapy biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition medicine.disease Biological Evolution Immunity Innate 030104 developmental biology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Mutation |
| Zdroj: | International Reviews of Immunology. 37:151-164 |
| ISSN: | 1563-5244 0883-0185 |
| Popis: | APOBEC3s (A3) are endogenous DNA-editing enzymes that are expressed in immune cells including T lymphocytes. A3s target and mutate the genomes of retroviruses that infect immune tissues such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, A3s were classically defined as host anti-viral innate immune factors. In contrast, we and others showed that A3s can also benefit the virus by mediating escape from adaptive immune recognition and drugs. Crucially, whether A3-mediated mutations help or hinder HIV, is not up to chance. Rather, the virus has evolved multiple mechanisms to actively and maximally subvert A3 activity. More recently, extensive A3 mutational footprints in tumor genomes have been observed in many different cancers. This suggests a role for A3s in cancer initiation and progression. On the other hand, multiple anti-tumor activities of A3s have also come to light, including impact on immune checkpoint molecules and possible generation of tumor neo-antigens. Here, we review the studies that reshaped the view of A3s from anti-viral innate immune agents to host factors exploited by HIV to escape from immune recognition. Viruses and tumors share many attributes, including rapid evolution and adeptness at exploiting mutations. Given this parallel, we then discuss the pro- and anti-tumor roles of A3s, and suggest that lessons learned from studying A3s in the context of anti-viral immunity can be applied to tumor immunotherapy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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