Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity reduction of the polluted urban river after ecological restoration: a field-scale study of Jialu River in northern China
| Autor: | Xue Yingang, Yu Huang, Zhu Haixiao, An Shuqing, Xianchuan Xie, Long Qin, Aimin Li, Rui Zhang, Jie Sun |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Salmonella typhimurium China Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 010501 environmental sciences Wastewater medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Water Purification 03 medical and health sciences Rivers Ammonia Water Quality medicine Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Animals Cities Effluent Restoration ecology Ecosystem Environmental Restoration and Remediation Zebrafish 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis Mutagenicity Tests Chemical oxygen demand Environmental engineering Fishes General Medicine Pollution 030104 developmental biology Liver Environmental science Water quality Surface water Genotoxicity Water Pollutants Chemical DNA Damage |
| Zdroj: | Environmental science and pollution research international. 24(7) |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 |
| Popis: | To further treat the reclaimed municipal wastewater and rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem of polluted urban rivers, an 18.5-km field-scale ecological restoration project was constructed along Jialu River, a polluted urban river which receives only reclaimed municipal wastewater from Zhengzhou City without natural upland water dilution. This study investigated the potential efficiency of water quality improvement, as well as genotoxicity and cytotoxicity reduction along the ecological restoration project of this polluted urban river. Results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the reclaimed municipal effluent were reduced by more than 45 and 70%, respectively, meeting the Chinese surface water environmental quality standard level IV, while the total phosphorus and metal concentrations had no significant reduction along the restoration project, and Pb concentrations in all river water samples exceeded permissible limit in drinking water set by WHO (2006) and China (GB5749-2006). The in vitro SOS/umu assay showed 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide equivalent (4-NQO-EQ) values of reclaimed municipal wastewater of 0.69 ± 0.05 μg/L in April and 0.68 ± 0.06 μg/L in December, respectively, indicating the presence of genotoxic compounds. The results of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and hepatic cell apoptosis in zebrafish after a chorionic long-term (21 days) in vivo exposure also demonstrated that the reclaimed municipal wastewater caused significant DNA oxidative damage and cytotoxicity. After the ecological purification of 18.5-km field-scale restoration project, the genotoxicity assessed by in vitro assay was negligible, while the DNA oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in exposed fish were still significantly elevated. The mechanisms of DNA oxidative damage and cytotoxicity caused by the reclaimed municipal wastewater need further study. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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