Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active‐Material Crossover in Non‐Aqueous All‐Organic Redox‐Flow Batteries

Autor: Artem Baskin, David Prendergast, Etienne Chénard, Ashleigh L. Ward, Brett A. Helms, Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli, Jeffrey S. Moore, Peter D. Frischmann, Christo S. Sevov, Sean E. Doris
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56:1595-1599
ISSN: 1521-3773
1433-7851
Popis: Intermittent energy sources, including solar and wind, require scalable, low-cost, multi-hour energy storage solutions in order to be effectively incorporated into the grid. All-Organic non-aqueous redox-flow batteries offer a solution, but suffer from rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency due to the high permeability of redox-active species across the battery's membrane. Here we show that active-species crossover is arrested by scaling the membrane's pore size to molecular dimensions and in turn increasing the size of the active material above the membrane's pore-size exclusion limit. When oligomeric redox-active organics (RAOs) were paired with microporous polymer membranes, the rate of active-material crossover was reduced more than 9000-fold compared to traditional separators at minimal cost to ionic conductivity. This corresponds to an absolute rate of RAO crossover of less than 3 μmol cm-2 day-1 (for a 1.0 m concentration gradient), which exceeds performance targets recently set forth by the battery industry. This strategy was generalizable to both high and low-potential RAOs in a variety of non-aqueous electrolytes, highlighting the versatility of macromolecular design in implementing next-generation redox-flow batteries.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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