Material system analysis: A novel multilayer system approach to correlate EU flows and stocks of Li‐ion batteries and their raw materials
Autor: | Cristina T. Matos, Fabrice Mathieux, Luca Ciacci, Maren Cathrine Lundhaug, María Fernanda Godoy León, Daniel Beat Müller, Jo Dewulf, Konstantinos Georgitzikis, Jaco Huisman |
---|---|
Přispěvatelé: | Matos C.T., Mathieux F., Ciacci L., Lundhaug M.C., Leon M.F.G., Muller D.B., Dewulf J., Georgitzikis K., Huisman J. |
Rok vydání: | 2022 |
Předmět: |
material flow analysi
Technology and Engineering IMPACT analysis STEEL CYCLES FATE Li-ion batteries General Social Sciences recycling Li-ion batterie industrial ecology PRODUCTS ENERGY raw material Earth and Environmental Sciences METAL raw materials ELEMENTS life cycle LITHIUM COBALT material flow General Environmental Science |
Zdroj: | Journal of Industrial Ecology JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY |
ISSN: | 1530-9290 1088-1980 |
Popis: | Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will play a crucial role in achieving decarbonization and reducing greenhouse gases. If the EU wants to be competitive in the global market of LIBs, it has to ensure a sustainable and secure supply of the raw materials needed for the manufacturing of these batteries. Limited understanding of how the battery material cycles are linked with raw materials supply chains may hinder policy measures targeting the set-up of a domestic supply chain in the EU since no precise information on where to intervene will be available. The novelty of this work lies in a multilayer system approach developed to reveal interlinkages between the flows of five raw materials contained in LIBs (cobalt, lithium, manganese, natural graphite, and nickel) in the EU. This was achieved by aligning material system analysis datasets of raw materials contained in LIBs with datasets on stocks and flows of this type of batteries in the EU. The results demonstrate the EU's strong import dependency on LIBs and battery raw materials. The EU recycling of lithium and natural graphite is low/nonexistent hindering the sustainable supply of these materials. The results also show that the majority of battery materials are increasingly accumulated in use or hoarding stocks. The proposed approach is designed to help identify bottlenecks and possible solutions to increase the efficiency of the EU LIB system, which could go unnoticed if each material supply chain were examined individually. This study also highlights how the lessons learned can support EU resource-management policies. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: | |
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje | K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit. |