Sublethal psychotropic pharmaceutical effects on the model organism Danio rerio: Oxidative stress and metal dishomeostasis
| Autor: | Thais Braga Gomes, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Enrico Mendes Saggioro, Fábio Veríssimo Correia, Tatiana D. Saint'Pierre, Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0211 other engineering and technologies Danio Context (language use) 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Pharmacology medicine.disease_cause Kidney 01 natural sciences Clonazepam chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Metallothionein Animals Zebrafish 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Glutathione Transferase 021110 strategic defence & security studies Glutathione Peroxidase Psychotropic Drugs biology Chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Brain General Medicine Glutathione biology.organism_classification Catalase Pollution Oxidative Stress Carbamazepine Liver Metals Bioaccumulation biology.protein Oxidative stress Homeostasis Biomarkers Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 171 |
| ISSN: | 1090-2414 |
| Popis: | Contaminants of emerging concern have become an important environmental problem, especially pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), since, after use, these drugs return to the environment, contaminating aquatic ecosystems. Some may display the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify throughout the food chain, leading to potential environmental and human deleterious effects which are, however, still largely unknown. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two psychotropic drugs commonly found in the environment, carbamazepine (CBZ) and clonazepam (CZP), both isolated and co-administrated, on oxidative stress biomarkers and essential metal homeostasis in Danio rerio fish specimens. No studies are available to data in this regard concerning CZP effects on fish. Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Metallothionein (MT), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) were determined, as well as essential metals in fish liver, kidney and brains. Significant oxidative stress effects were observed for several biomarkers, where brain GST activity was the most affected, mainly with regard to CBZ exposure, while GST and CAT activity in the liver were downregulated in the co-administration mixture. In addition, dishomeostasis of several essential elements was detected in all analyzed organs, with a synergistic action of CBZ and CZP in brain, decreasing basal Mg, Al, K, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu levels in this organ, the target site for these drugs in humans. The brain organ was the most affected as observed by altered GST activity and metal dyshomeostasis concerning exposure to both compounds. These compounds, thus, present health risks to the aquatic biota, due to the evidenced deleterious effects and their constant release into the environment due to widespread use. Steps are needed to implement adequate legislation for risk analysis and decision-making in order to mitigate the effects of these emerging contaminants on aquatic ecosystem health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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