Narrative review of the influence of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia on colorectal cancer risk and oncological outcomes

Autor: Jaw-Yuan Wang, Wei-Chih Su, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Hsiu-Chung Cheng, Tsung-Kun Chang
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Oncology
endocrine system diseases
TCF4
Transcription factor 4

Colorectal cancer
RR
relative risk

Review
I2
I-square

HbA1c
Hemoglobin A1c

ADM
antidiabetic medications

AGEs
advanced glycation end-products

SMAD3
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3

US
United States

Impaired glucose tolerance
ADA
American Diabetes Association

Diabetes mellitus
0302 clinical medicine
GREM1
Gremlin 1

SEPT9
septin 9

RC254-282
APC
Adenomatous polyposis coli

pCR
pathologic complete response

RFS
recurrence-free survival

Metformin
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
CRC
colorectal cancer

TCF7L2
Transcription Factor 7 Like 2

medicine.medical_specialty
CSCs
cancer stem cells

WNT
Wingless-related integration site

mTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin

BMI
Body mass index

GLUT1
glucose transporter 1

STZ
streptozotocin

EHMT2
Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 2

VEGFR2
vascular endothelial growth factor 2

mCRC
metastatic colorectal cancer

03 medical and health sciences
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

PFS
Progression-free survival

ERFC
Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration

PKC
protein kinase C

KRAS
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

AKT
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase

WFS1
Wolframin ER Transmembrane Glycoprotein

IGF
Insulin-Like Growth Factor

nutritional and metabolic diseases
medicine.disease
PPARG
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma

030104 developmental biology
Hyperglycemia
TCF7L2
Oncological outcome
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
TP53
tumor protein p53

FOLFOX
Folinic acid
Fluorouracil
Oxaliplatin

RPG
random plasma glucose

Cancer risk
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid

DM
diabetes mellitus

HNF1B
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta

Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
HR
hazard ratios

CENTRAL
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials

GWAS
Genome-wide association studies

IGF1
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1

HBP
hexosamine biosynthetic pathway

medicine.drug
PI3K
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases

KCNQ1
Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily Q Member 1

EMT
epithelial mesenchymal transition

CAMK1D
Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase ID

TTR
the time to recurrence

2-h PG
2-h plasma glucose

OS
overall survival

ROS
reactive oxygen species

IGFBPs
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein

Internal medicine
RAS
Rat sarcoma

medicine
FPG
fasting plasma glucose

PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
VTI1A
Vesicle Transport Through Interaction With T-SNAREs 1A

U.S.FDA
United States Food and Drug administration

OGTT
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

business.industry
IGF2BP2
Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 MRNA Binding Protein 2

ACF
aberrant crypt foci

AMPK
Cancer
BMJ
British Medical Journal

CI
confidence interval

OR
odds ratio

AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase

DKD
diabetic kidney disease

TP53INP1
Tumor Protein P53 Inducible Nuclear Protein 1

5-FU
5-fluorouracil

NEJM
The New England Journal of Medicine

business
Zdroj: Translational Oncology, Vol 14, Iss 7, Pp 101089-(2021)
Translational Oncology
ISSN: 1936-5233
DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101089
Popis: Highlights • Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia significantly affect the incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer. • Evidence of the effects of metformin remain controversial in cancer prognosis. • Potential molecular mechanisms by which DM and hyperglycemia affects cancer risk. • Potential roles of glucose modulation in CRC therapy.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia have been shown to have significant effects on the incidence, chemoresistance, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the outcomes of localized and metastatic CRC. Inflammation and endocrine effects may act as central mechanisms of DM and cancer and stimulate the insulin‐like growth factor 1–phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin (IGF-1–PI3K–AKT–mTOR) pathway. Dysregulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway leads to metabolic imbalance and indicates cancer risk. The use of metformin for chemoprevention has been shown to reduce CRC and adenoma incidence through the upregulation of AMPK, which causes cell cycle arrest in the Gap 1–S (G1–S) phase and inhibits the mTOR pathway, even potentially reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. However, evidence of the effects of metformin remain controversial in cancer prognosis. Several genes, such as transcription factor 7-like 2(TCF7L2), tumor protein P53 inducible nuclear protein 1(TP53INP1), gremlin 1 (GREM1), and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1(KCNQ1), are pleiotropically related to DM as well as cancer risk and prognosis. Epigenetic modification of members of the Let-7 family such as miR-497, miR-486, and miR-223 is strongly associated with impaired glucose tolerance and CRC risk. Herein we review the pathophysiological and epidemiological evidence as well as potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which DM and hyperglycemia affect CRC risk. We also suggest potential roles of glucose modulation in CRC therapy and propose an agenda for future research and clinical practice.
Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract
Databáze: OpenAIRE