An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives
| Autor: | Emanuelle Dantas de Freitas, Celso Fidelis Moura, Marisa Masumi Beppu, Jonas Kerwald |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Polymers and Plastics
Biocompatibility HTCC macromolecular substances Review lcsh:QD241-441 Chitosan chemistry.chemical_compound lcsh:Organic chemistry Moiety Phosphonium Solubility phosphonium salts pyridinium salts Aqueous solution TMC chitosan derivatives Cationic polymerization technology industry and agriculture quaternized chitosan General Chemistry quaternization equipment and supplies Combinatorial chemistry carbohydrates (lipids) chemistry Pyridinium |
| Zdroj: | Polymers Polymers, Vol 12, Iss 2878, p 2878 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4360 |
| Popis: | Chitosan, a chitin-derivative polysaccharide, known for its non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, presents limited applications due to its low solubility in neutral or basic pH medium. Quaternization stands out as an alternative to modify this natural polymer, aiming to improve its solubility over a wide pH range and, consequently, expand its range of applications. Quaternization occurs by introducing a quaternary ammonium moiety onto or outside the chitosan backbone, via chemical reactions with primary amino and hydroxyl groups, under vast experimental conditions. The oldest and most common forms of quaternized chitosan involve N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl ammonium) propyl] chitosan (HTCC) and, more recently, quaternized chitosan by insertion of pyridinium or phosphonium salts. By modifying chitosan through the insertion of a quaternary moiety, permanent cationic charges on the polysaccharide backbone are achieved and properties such as water solubility, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesiveness and permeability are significantly improved, enabling the application mainly in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. In this review, the main quaternized chitosan compounds are addressed in terms of their structure, properties, synthesis routes and applications. In addition, other less explored compounds are also presented, involving the main findings and future prospects regarding the field of quaternized chitosans. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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