Characteristic age distribution of Plasmodium vivax infections after malaria elimination on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu
| Autor: | Satoru Takeo, Luis Fernando Chaves, Anders Björkman, Hedvig Perlmann, Masatsugu Kimura, Kazuyuki Tanabe, Morris Kalkoa, Takafumi Tsuboi, Renu Wickremasinghe, Shin-Ichiro Tachibana, Chris Drakeley, Rie Isozumi, Akira Kaneko, Marita Troye-Blomberg, George Taleo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Immunology Plasmodium vivax Molecular Sequence Data Context (language use) Antigens Protozoan Microbiology Young Adult Age Distribution Antigen Vanuatu Seroepidemiologic Studies parasitic diseases medicine Malaria Vivax Prevalence Parasite hosting Humans Young adult Child biology Infant Plasmodium falciparum Sequence Analysis DNA DNA Protozoan Middle Aged medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Virology Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Microbial Immunity and Vaccines Parasitology Female Malaria |
| Zdroj: | Infection and immunity. 82(1) |
| ISSN: | 1098-5522 |
| Popis: | Resurgence is a major concern after malaria elimination. After the initiation of the elimination program on Aneityum Island in 1991, microscopy showed that Plasmodium falciparum disappeared immediately, whereas P. vivax disappeared from 1996 onward, until P. vivax cases were reported in January 2002. By conducting malariometric surveys of the entire population of Aneityum, we investigated the age distribution of individuals with parasites during this epidemic in the context of antimalarial antibody levels and parasite antigen diversity. In July 2002, P. vivax infections were detected by microscopy in 22/759 individuals: 20/298 born after the beginning of the elimination program in 1991, 2/126 born between 1982 and 1991, and none of 335 born before 1982. PCR increased the number of infections detected to 77, distributed among all age groups. Prevalences were 12.1%, 16.7%, and 6.0%, respectively ( P < 0.001). In November, a similar age pattern was found, but with fewer infections: 6/746 and 39/741 individuals were found to be infected by microscopy and PCR, respectively. The frequencies of antibody responses to P. vivax were significantly higher in individuals born before 1991 than in younger age groups and were similar to those on Malakula Island, an area of endemicity. Remarkably low antigen diversity ( h , 0.15) of P. vivax infections was observed on Aneityum compared with the other islands ( h , 0.89 to 1.0). A P. vivax resurgence was observed among children and teenagers on Aneityum, an age distribution similar to those before elimination and on islands where P. vivax is endemic, suggesting that in the absence of significant exposure, immunity may persist, limiting infection levels in adults. The limited parasite gene pool on islands may contribute to this protection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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