A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018

Autor: Stephane de la Rue du Can, Alaa Al Khourdajie, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Shobhakar Dhakal, Lazarus Chapungu, Xianchun Tan, William F. Lamb, Hancheng Dai, Julia Pongratz, Yong Geng, Suzana Kahn Ribeiro, Laixiang Sun, Joanna Isobel House, Yamina Saheb, Robbie M. Andrew, Jan C. Minx, Klaus Hubacek, Maria J. Figueroa, Igor Bashmakov, Shonali Pachauri, Thomas Wiedmann, Smail Khennas, J. G. J. Olivier, Baihe Gu, Steven J. Davis, Monica Crippa, Raphael Slade, Giulio Mattioli
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Latin Americans
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
PEAK CAR
Natural resource economics
COOLING ENERGY TRENDS
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
AFOLU
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Anthropocene
DEMAND-SIDE SOLUTIONS
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
East Asia
energy systems
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
LAND-COVER CHANGE
Science & Technology
industry
ECONOMIC-GROWTH
CLIMATE-CHANGE
DRIVING FORCES
STOCK DYNAMICS
Land use
greenhouse gas emissions
Renewable Energy
Sustainability and the Environment
business.industry
Economic sector
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
buildings
CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
trends and drivers
Renewable energy
Agriculture
Greenhouse gas
Physical Sciences
transport
GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS
Environmental science
business
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Environmental Sciences
Zdroj: Environmental Research Letters
ISSN: 1748-9326
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e
Popis: Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land uses). In this topical review, we synthesise the literature to explain recent trends in global and regional emissions in each of these sectors. To contextualise our review, we present estimates of GHG emissions trends by sector from 1990 to 2018, describing the major sources of emissions growth, stability and decline across ten global regions. Overall, the literature and data emphasise that progress towards reducing GHG emissions has been limited. The prominent global pattern is a continuation of underlying drivers with few signs of emerging limits to demand, nor of a deep shift towards the delivery of low and zero carbon services across sectors. We observe a moderate decarbonisation of energy systems in Europe and North America, driven by fuel switching and the increasing penetration of renewables. By contrast, in rapidly industrialising regions, fossil-based energy systems have continuously expanded, only very recently slowing down in their growth. Strong demand for materials, floor area, energy services and travel have driven emissions growth in the industry, buildings and transport sectors, particularly in Eastern Asia, Southern Asia and South-East Asia. An expansion of agriculture into carbon-dense tropical forest areas has driven recent increases in AFOLU emissions in Latin America, South-East Asia and Africa. Identifying, understanding, and tackling the most persistent and climate-damaging trends across sectors is a fundamental concern for research and policy as humanity treads deeper into the Anthropocene.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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