Presence of Bacteroidales as a Predictor of Pathogens in Surface Waters of the Central California Coast
Autor: | Alexander Schriewer, Barbara A. Byrne, Melissa A. Miller, Hsuan Hui Yang, Clare Dominik, Nadira Chouicha, D.A Jessup, Patricia A. Conrad, Woutrina A. Miller, Stori C. Oates, Dane Hardin, Stefan Wuertz, Ann C. Melli |
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Rok vydání: | 2010 |
Předmět: |
Veterinary medicine
Statistics as Topic Cryptosporidium Indicator bacteria Public Health Microbiology medicine.disease_cause Polymerase Chain Reaction Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology California Microbiology Dogs Enterobacteriaceae Rivers medicine Animals Humans Seawater Ecology biology Bacteroidetes Giardia Campylobacter biology.organism_classification Bacterial Load Bacteroidales Vibrio Fecal coliform Enterococcus Cattle Environmental Monitoring Food Science Biotechnology |
Zdroj: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76:5802-5814 |
ISSN: | 1098-5336 0099-2240 |
Popis: | The value of Bacteroidales genetic markers and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to predict the occurrence of waterborne pathogens was evaluated in ambient waters along the central California coast. Bacteroidales host-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify fecal bacteria in water and provide insights into contributing host fecal sources. Over 140 surface water samples from 10 major rivers and estuaries within the Monterey Bay region were tested over 14 months with four Bacteroidales -specific assays (universal, human, dog, and cow), three FIB (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and enterococci), two protozoal pathogens ( Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp.), and four bacterial pathogens ( Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp.). Indicator and pathogen distribution was widespread, and detection was not highly seasonal. Vibrio cholerae was detected most frequently, followed by Giardia , Cryptosporidium , Salmonella , and Campylobacter spp. Bayesian conditional probability analysis was used to characterize the Bacteroidales performance assays, and the ratios of concentrations determined using host-specific and universal assays were used to show that fecal contamination from human sources was more common than livestock or dog sources in coastal study sites. Correlations were seen between some, but not all, indicator-pathogen combinations. The ability to predict pathogen occurrence in relation to indicator threshold cutoff levels was evaluated using a weighted measure that showed the universal Bacteroidales genetic marker to have a comparable or higher mean predictive potential than standard FIB. This predictive ability, in addition to the Bacteroidales assays providing information on contributing host fecal sources, supports using Bacteroidales assays in water quality monitoring programs. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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