Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances thermal destruction at water resource recovery facilities: A state of the science review
Autor: | Xavier Fonoll, Lloyd J. Winchell, Martha J.M. Wells, John J. Ross, John Norton, Katherine Y. Bell |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Pollution
Flue gas media_common.quotation_subject PFAS Incineration Review 02 engineering and technology Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences thermal by‐products 020401 chemical engineering Environmental Chemistry 0204 chemical engineering Waste Management and Disposal residence time 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology media_common Resource recovery Sewage sludge Sewage Waste management Ecological Modeling turbulence emissions temperature Hydrothermal liquefaction Water Resources products of incomplete combustion Environmental science Sewage treatment combustion |
Zdroj: | Water Environment Research |
ISSN: | 1554-7531 1061-4303 |
Popis: | Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a recalcitrant group of chemicals and can be found throughout the environment. They often collect in wastewater systems with virtually no degradation prior to environmental discharge. Some PFAS partitions to solids captured in wastewater treatment which require further processing. Of all the commonly applied solids treatment technologies, incineration offers the only possibility to completely destroy PFAS. Little is known about the fate of PFAS through incineration, in particular, for the systems employed in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). This review covers available research on the fate of PFAS through incineration systems with a focus on sewage sludge incinerators. This research indicates that at least some PFAS destruction will occur with incineration approaches used at WRRFs. Furthermore, PFAS in flue gas, ash, or water streams used for incinerator pollution control may be undetectable. Future research involving full‐scale fate studies will provide insight on the efficacy of PFAS destruction through incineration and whether other compounds of concern are generated. Practitioner points Thermal processing is the only commercial approach available to destroy PFAS.Thermal degradation conditions required for destruction of PFAS during incineration processes are discussed.Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incineration technologies remains unclear.Other thermal technologies such as smoldering combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction provide promise but are in developmental phases. Fate of PFAS through water resource recovery facility incinerator technologies. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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